WGU D033 Questions and Answers Already Passed

WGU D033 Questions and Answers Already Passed Information System ✔✔an automated system that uses computer hardware and software to record, manipulate, store, recover, and disseminate data (that is, a system that recei ...

WGU D033 Questions and Answers Already Passed Information System ✔✔an automated system that uses computer hardware and software to record, manipulate, store, recover, and disseminate data (that is, a system that receives and processes input and provides output) Financial applications ✔✔software applications that handle patient accounts, budgets, and other financial activities Mainframe computers ✔✔large computers that are used by the government and other organizations that require speed and the ability to process large amounts of data. Dumb Terminals ✔✔all of the processing is performed at the server or mainframe Cloud Computing ✔✔a system that operates on a computer that is owned and maintained by a vendor. Intranet ✔✔a private information network that uses Internet technologies; however, its servers are located inside a firewall or security barrier so that the general public cannot gain access to information housed within the network Health Information Exchange ✔✔the exchange of health information electronically between providers and others with the same level of interoperability. Evidence-based medicine ✔✔healthcare services based on clinical methods that have been thoroughly tested through controlled, peer-reviewed biomedical studies Clinical pathways ✔✔a tool designed to coordinate multidisciplinary care planning for specific diagnoses and treatments clinical practice guidelines ✔✔provide a detailed, step-by-step guide used by healthcare practitioners to make knowledge-based decisions related to patient care and issued by an authoritative organization such as a medical society. Health Informatics ✔✔scientific discipline that is concerned with the cognitive, informationprocessing, and communication tasks of healthcare practice, education, and research, including the information science and technology to support these tasks Data Analytics ✔✔the science of examining raw data with the purpose of drawing conclusions about that information Data mining ✔✔process of extracting and analyzing large volumes of data from a database for the purpose of identifying hidden and sometimes subtle relationships or patterns and using those relationships to predict behaviors. dashboards ✔✔reports of process measures to help leaders follow progress to assist with strategic planning descriptive statistics ✔✔set of statistical techniques used to describe data, such as means, frequency distributions, and standard deviations; describes the characteristics of a specific group or a population inferential statistics ✔✔set of statistical techniques that allows researchers to make generalizations about a population's characteristics on the basis of a sample's characteristics, predictive modeling ✔✔process used to identify patterns that can be used to predict the odds of a particular outcome based on the observed data. Uses historical data in order to predict what is likely to happen in the future. certified health data analyst (CHDA) ✔✔advanced certification covers data management, data analytics, and data reporting Clinical Information Systems ✔✔collects and stores medical, nursing, clinical ancillary areas (such as radiology and laboratory), and therapy department information related to patient care document management system ✔✔electronic method of capturing and managing documents. target sheets ✔✔pages that contain only a barcode that tells the scanner and, ultimately, the computer the content of the pages that follow file server ✔✔large PC or other computer that is extremely powerful and has a large amount of memory and magnetic hard drive abstracting and quality control workstation ✔✔workstation is used for indexing and quality control backscanning ✔✔process of scanning past health records into the DMS so there is an existing database of patient information symbiology ✔✔format; for barcodes it is Code 39, also known as Code 3 of 9 Radiology Information System (RIS) ✔✔used to collect, store, and provide information on radiological tests such as x-rays, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography (PET) Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) ✔✔integrated information system that obtains, stores, retrieves, and displays digital images Teleradiology ✔✔ability to view radiology images from any location by the radiologist and other users Laboratory information system (LIS) ✔✔collects, stores, and manages laboratory tests and their respective results Nursing Information System ✔✔assists in the planning and monitoring of overall patient care. Will document the nursing care provided to a patient clinical documentation ✔✔any manual or electronic notation or recording made by a physician or other healthcare clinician related to a patient's medical condition or treatment Pharmacy Information System ✔✔assists providers in ordering, allocating, and administering medication. With a focus on patient safety issues, especially medication errors interdisciplinary charting system ✔✔can be used by any healthcare professional to collect and store patient assessments, progress notes, and care plans emergency department system ✔✔designed to meet the unique needs of the emergency department, including tracking patients from triage to discharge Anesthesia information system ✔✔collects information on preoperative, operative, and postoperative anesthesia-related clinical information. This system follows the patient through the surgical process. patient monitoring system ✔✔automatically collects and stores patient data from various information systems used in healthcare. Data collected include fetal monitoring, vital signs, and oxygen saturation rates. Typically utilized in the intensive care units and other specialty areas such as the operating and recovery rooms. Telehealth ✔✔Professional services given to a patient through an interactive telecommunications system by a practitioner at a distant site. telesurgery ✔✔use of robotics to perform surgery smart card ✔✔plastic card, similar in appearance to a credit card, with a computer chip embedded in it. Enable portable storage of health and insurance information health Information Technology ✔✔hardware, software, integrated technologies or related licenses, intellectual property, upgrades, or packaged solutions sold as services that are designed for or support the use by healthcare entities or patients for the electronic creation, maintenance, access, or exchange of health information Longitudinal health record ✔✔permanent record of significant information listed in chronological order and maintained across time, ideally from birth to death. Electronic Medical Record (EMR) ✔✔electronic collection of all of the patient's health information and clinical care that is stored, managed, and referred to by authorized members of one healthcare entity Interoperability ✔✔ability of different information technology systems and software applications to communicate; to exchange data accurately, effectively, and consistently; and to use the information that has been exchanged. Health Level Seven (HL7) ✔✔not-for-profit, American National Standards Institute-accredited standards-developing organization dedicated to providing a comprehensive framework and related standards for the exchange, integration, sharing, and retrieval of electronic health information that supports clinical practice core data set ✔✔A data set that contains the most relevant administrative, demographic, and clinical information about a patient's healthcare Continuity of Care Record (CCR) ✔✔A core data set, covering one or more healthcare encounters Source systems ✔✔information systems that capture and feed data into the EHR. Includes the electronic medication administration record (EMAR), laboratory information system, radiology information system, etc. four types of interoperability ✔✔technical, syntactic, semantic, process Technical interoperability ✔✔Based on the hardware and equipment connectivity used in the exchange, this type of interoperability allows any computer or device to exchange data with another computer or device without corrupting the data or creating errors Syntactic interoperability ✔✔Message format standards identify how the data should be formatted or structured to allow the exchange. Interface software must be employed for compatibility to enable the exchange. Semantic interoperability ✔✔use of standardized terminologies (such as SNOMED-CT) to provide clarity, consistency, and appropriate meaning in HIE process interoperability ✔✔degree to which the integrity of workflow can be maintained between systems and includes maintaining and conveying information such as user roles, data protection, and system service quality between systems Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) ✔✔federal entity charged with the coordination of nationwide efforts to implement and use the most advanced HIT and the electronic exchange of health information and, in so doing, establishing interoperability among all health information systems database ✔✔organized collection of data, text, references, or pictures in a standardized format Data Definition Language (DDL) ✔✔type of software used to create the tables within a relational database. It translates how data are stored in the computer from the physical view (physical structure of the database) to the logical view (one that is understandable by the user). Data Manipulation Language (DML) ✔✔software used to retrieve, update, and edit data in a relational database data control language ✔✔controls access to data within a database Database Management System (DBMS) ✔✔manipulate and control the data stored within the database to meet the needs of the user. It controls the ability to create, read, write, and delete data stored in the database. query by example (QBE) ✔✔query method whereby the user only has to point and click to choose tables and fields contained in the database Structured Query Language (SQL) ✔✔standard language for the relational database data manipulation ✔✔allows the user to add and delete rows in a table and to sort, find, and compare data dictionary ✔✔descriptive list of the names, definitions, and attributes of data elements to be collected in an IS or database whose purpose is to standardize definitions and ensure consistent use data standards ✔✔allow us to share data in a uniform way Data Modeling ✔✔process of determining the users' information needs and identifying relationships among the data data repository ✔✔open-structure database (not dedicated to the software of any particular vendor or data supplier) in which data from multiple ISs are stored so that an integrated, multidisciplinary view of the data can be achieved in a single source. Updated in real time data warehouse ✔✔database that makes it possible to access data from multiple databases and combine the results into a single query and reporting interface. Holds an abundance of data from many different source systems and are designed for specific types of analyses, such as patient care or business. data mart ✔✔subset of the data warehouse designed for a single purpose or specialized use. The data mart performs the same type of analysis as a data warehouse; however, the scope of the data is narrower. Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) ✔✔data access architecture that allows the user to retrieve specific information from a large volume of data. administrative information systems ✔✔the first information systems to be used in healthcare, mainly financial or business-oriented in nature Decision Support System (DSS) ✔✔gathers data from a variety of sources to assist management and staff in decision-making tasks associated with the nonroutine and nonrepetitive problems. 109 Master Patient Index (MPI) ✔✔permanent record of patients treated at the healthcare facility. patient registration system ✔✔collects information on patients receiving treatment practice management system ✔✔combines a number of applications required to manage a physician practice materials management system ✔✔manages the supplies and equipment within the facility facilities management system ✔✔allows physical plant operations to control the automated systems within the facility for patient safety and comfort—that is, heating and air systems, automated key control, and preventive maintenance tasks such as testing fire extinguishers, elevator inspections, and the care of various equipment used in the healthcare facility revenue cycle management (RCM) ✔✔management of the accounts receivable and the accounts payable on a daily basis by the healthcare facility chargemaster (charge description master [CDM]) ✔✔financial management form or software that contains information about the healthcare facility's charges for the services it provides to patients Clinical Documentation Improvement (CDI) ✔✔process an organization undertakes that will improve clinical specificity and documentation that will allow coding professionals to assign more concise disease and procedural classification codes Executive information system (EIS) ✔✔decision support system that is designed to be used by healthcare administrators. As such, it must be easy to use and have access to a wide range of data. With the EIS, a lot of graphs and charts generally are used as part of the results. soundex ✔✔Phonetic-based indexing system that is easily incorporated into computer software for searching surnames that sound alike but are spelled differently Enterprise master patient index (EMPI) ✔✔provides access to multiple repositories of information from overlapping patient populations that are maintained in separate information systems and databases. Arrangement of a network of health providers that may include hospitals, physicians that provide coordinated services along the continuum of care from ambulatory, acute, and long-term care and may extend across a geographical region chief clinical informatics officer ✔✔works with clinical providers, such as physicians and nurses, to lead them in the use of technology to improve quality of care, medical education, and healthcare research. Is a "big picture" role, works to ensure that the technologies needed by the healthcare providers are identified and ultimately implemented director of clinical informatics ✔✔leader in the implementation of the EHR as well as the postimplementation services mapping specialist ✔✔creates maps between systems such as vocabularies and classification systems clinical informatics coordinator ✔✔requires knowledge of clinical information systems. They are experts in the data retrieval needed by healthcare providers while conducting patient care Chief Security Officer (CSO) ✔✔responsible for protecting data from unauthorized access, alteration, and destruction Chief Technology Officer (CTO) ✔✔assists in the development of the healthcare facility's strategic business plan in relation to information systems and technology. Their goal is to ensure the healthcare facility operates effectively and that they are competitive with other healthcare facilities within their community content analyst ✔✔designs the clinical information system that will be implemented. Their work is directed by the needs of the users. interface ✔✔takes data from one system and plugs that data into another IS. Acts as a bridge between two ISs or databases to translate data into each IS's respective language Best of breed ✔✔Choosing the ISs based on functionality rather than by vendor personal health record (PHR) ✔✔electronic or paper health record maintained and updated by individuals that can be used to collect, track, and share past and current information about their health or the health of someone in their care Health information blocking ✔✔occurs when "persons or entities knowingly and unreasonably interfere with the exchange or use of electronic health information clinical messaging ✔✔connects the medical staff and hospital by providing access to information systems such as order entry and results reporting and DMS electronic medication administration record (EMAR) ✔✔automates many of the medication administration processes in a healthcare facility. radiofrequency identification devices (RFIDs) ✔✔a microchip implanted in an item to allow tracking of that item population health ✔✔cohesive, integrated, and comprehensive approach to health considering the distribution of health outcomes in a population, the health determinants that influence the distribution of care, and the policies and interventions that impact and are impacted by the determinants Conceptual Data Model ✔✔not tied to a particular database model, but rather defines the requirements for the database to be developed. Is the basis for the logical and physical data models physical data model ✔✔shows how the data are physically stored within the database. The users are not involved with this level of the database because of its technical complexity. logical data model ✔✔it ensures that the data are available and in a useful format for the intended purpose. Use Case ✔✔technique that is used to develop scenarios based on how users will use the data and functionality to assist in developing ISs that support the information requirements direct data entry ✔✔includes a number of manual data entry methods such as keyboard, mouse, or other devices for entering data into the computer hot spot ✔✔type of help message that is triggered when the cursor is placed on top of a data field. data integrity ✔✔extent to which healthcare data are complete, accurate, consistent, and timely data quality ✔✔the reliability and effectiveness of data for its intended uses in operations, decision making, and planning. Focuses on the use of data data quality management ✔✔the business processes that ensure the integrity of an organization's data during collection, application (including aggregation), warehousing, and analysis Data accessibility ✔✔means that data items are easily obtainable by authorized users Data accuracy ✔✔data are free of identifiable errors quantitative analysis ✔✔review of the health record to determine its completeness and accuracy. Used to detect if elements of the health record are missing qualitative analysis ✔✔review of the health record to ensure that standards are met and to determine the adequacy of entries documenting the quality of care. The reviewer considers whether the health record appropriately documents the care provided Data comprehensiveness ✔✔means that the patient's health record must be complete, meaning that all required data are included Physician advisor (PA) ✔✔hired by the healthcare facility to act as a liaison between the HIM or others and the patient's physician. reviews health records for various reasons peer review ✔✔review by like professionals, or peers, established according to an organization's medical staff bylaws, organizational policy and procedure, or the requirements of state law. The peer review system allows medical professionals to candidly critique and criticize the work of their colleagues without fear of reprisal, as the feedback comes from the committee, not a specific individual data consistency ✔✔ensures that like data are the same on each document or computer screen data currency ✔✔ensures that data are up to date. A data value is up to date if it is current for a specific point in time data definition ✔✔the specific meaning of a healthcare-related data element. Allows everyone to interpret and collect the data in the same way data granularity ✔✔describes the level of detail at which the attributes and values of healthcare data are defined data relevancy ✔✔the extent to which healthcare-related data are useful for the purposes for which they were collected data timeliness ✔✔that data should be recorded in an appropriate period of time after the event and should be available to the user when needed. The healthcare facility determines the appropriate period of time for each data element based on accreditation, state licensure, and other requirements Data Cleansing ✔✔process of checking internal consistency and duplication as well as identifying outliers and missing data version control ✔✔the process whereby a healthcare facility ensures that only the most current version of a patient's health record is available for viewing, updating, and so forth data quality measure ✔✔mechanism to assign a quantitative figure to quality of care by comparison to a criterion. Typically focus on structures or processes of care that have a demonstrated relationship to positive health outcomes encoder ✔✔software program used to assign the diagnosis and procedure codes. health literacy ✔✔the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions consumer health applications ✔✔healthcare-based applications designed for use by the patient or provider on smart phones, tablets, and other computers systems analysis ✔✔process of collecting, organizing, and evaluating data on the healthcare facility and the information that it needs internal scanning ✔✔identifying changes within the healthcare facility that will impact the IS, such as if new services or new clinics will be implemented integrated information systems ✔✔separate applications that are designed to work together. Data are entered into one IS and then are accessible to the other ISs. Easier to manage. Collect, store, and retrieve information from the same database. Best of Fit ✔✔The decision to purchase software from a single vendor Acceptasnce testing ✔✔type of testing that occurs after the go-live date. It tests the IS to confirm that it is working as expected as per the contract, RFP response, and any other documentation. parallel method ✔✔the development cycle begins with planning and analysis, and the project team developing a high level design of the system. They then divide the project into smaller subprojects that they develop and implement parallel with each other validation and verification model (V-model) ✔✔integrates testing design with all the life cycle stages, beginning at the requirements analysis stage and extending through the implementation stage Rapid Application Development (RAD) ✔✔group of developmental methodologies that attempt to address the long development time problem of the waterfall and similar sequential methods iterative method ✔✔divides system development into small parts, or versions, each going through all stages of the SDLC spiral method ✔✔type of iterative development that incorporates the best features of the prototyping and waterfall methods. emphasis on risk assessment at each iteration agile development ✔✔group of practices that, when used together, are intended to shorten and improve the SDLC. The method emphasizes short, simple, and iterative development cycles Requirements Analysis ✔✔processes used for identifying what function(s) an information system must perform and how it is to provide them data silo ✔✔separate database or system within a department that does not integrate into the main organizational system nor can others outside of that specific department access it charter ✔✔document that identifies the purpose, scope, and functions of a program SBAR ✔✔(situation, background, assessment, recommendation) is a process for facilitating communication and resolving problems that has been used by many healthcare facilities in their quest to implement IG information asset inventory ✔✔list of information resources throughout the healthcare facility information technology governance (ITG) ✔✔management of all information technology investments, including the selection, implementation, maintenance, evaluation and its coordination triple aim ✔✔to improve population health, enhance the patient's experience within the healthcare field, and to reduce the per capita cost of healthcare services administrative simplification ✔✔improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the business processes of healthcare by standardizing the EDI of administrative and financial transactions Privacy Rule ✔✔defines how covered entities may use PHI Security Rule ✔✔defines the minimum a covered entity must do to protect ePHI risk management ✔✔comprehensive program of activities intended to minimize the potential for injuries to occur in a CE and to anticipate and respond to ensuring liabilities for those injuries that do occur security management plan ✔✔policies required to prevent, identify, control, and resolve security incidents workforce clearance procedure ✔✔ensures that each member of the workforce's level of access is appropriate contingency plan ✔✔policies and procedures that identify how a CE will react in the event of an information system emergency, such as power failure, natural disaster, a hacker, malware, or a system failure. emergency mode operation plan ✔✔encompasses procedures necessary to keep the critical business processes of the CE in place during information system downtime access controls ✔✔computer software program designed to prevent unauthorized use of an information resource. audit-reduction tools ✔✔review the audit trail and compare it to criteria specified by the CE, which eliminates routine entries such as the periodic backups virus ✔✔propagates by inserting a copy of itself into and becoming part of another program. It spreads from one computer to another worm ✔✔standalone software and does not require a host program or human help to propagate. Is programmed to install itself onto a computer attached to a computer network and then moves to all computers on the network phishing ✔✔a scam by which an e-mail user is duped into revealing personal or confidential information which the scammer can use illicitly ransomware ✔✔type of malicious software that prohibits access to information systems in an organization remote wipe ✔✔when data must be deleted from the mobile device remotely because it has been lost or stolen effectiveness ✔✔degree to which stated outcomes are attained Efficiency ✔✔how the desired outcome is achieved or produced, particularly without wasting resources, such as time, personnel, and money template based data entry ✔✔a cross between free text and structured data entry. The user can pick and choose data that are entered frequently, thus requiring the entry of data that change from patient to patient Systems Analyst ✔✔Identifies the stakeholders of an information system as well as the functionality required of a system. Tasks include data collection, data analysis, and developing data flow diagrams. Would assist in the reengineering of business processes that would take advantage of the benefits of the system being implemented System implementation ✔✔Assist in many aspects of the process, such as systems analysis, developing the request for proposal, selecting systems, setting configurations, training, reengineering System development ✔✔Adds value to the programming staff because they know the HIM functions and processes needed Technical Support ✔✔Assists with technical problems that are encountered with an information system. They identify the source of the problems and take the necessary steps to resolve them. These problems could be inability to access an information system or a function that is not working ANSI ✔✔The SDO for the United States and a representative to the ISO; American National Standards Institute ASC X12N ✔✔Responsible for developing the EDI standards used to share information needed for health insurance administrative transactions; ANSI Accredited Standards Committee X12N DICOM ✔✔Standard retrieves images and other information from imaging equipment of a variety of different vendors. Digital Imagine and Communications in Medicine LOINC ✔✔The preferred standardized terminology for laboratory data in information systems and provides a standard set of codes and names for the electronic reporting of laboratory results; Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes MEDCIN ✔✔A nomenclature and knowledge-based system, It is the most comprehensive vocabulary for signs and symptoms NDC ✔✔National Drug Codes; Developed by FDA to act as a universal unique identifier for human drugs; identifies the labeler or vendor, product, and trade package size