BIO182 Notes LATEST

● Cell Theory: describes uniformity and persistence of organisms over time ○ All organisms are made of cells, all cells come from preexisting cells (a pattern and a process) ○ Robert Hooke and Leeuwenhoek were the firs ...

● Cell Theory: describes uniformity and persistence of organisms over time ○ All organisms are made of cells, all cells come from preexisting cells (a pattern and a process) ○ Robert Hooke and Leeuwenhoek were the first to observe cells ■ Hooke invented microscope, Leeuwenhoek was the first person to observe living organisms thru microscope ○ 1859- Louis Pasteur found cells arise from other cells (also came up with scientific method) ● Theory of Evolution: implications of individual survival on populations of organisms ○ Life on Earth exhibits common descent with modification & natural selection leads to differential success in survival and reproduction within a certain environment (pattern and process) ○ 1858- Darwin and Wallace proposed that all species are related by common ancestry, and that characteristics of species can be modified from generation to generation ○ Evolution: species are related to one another & can change thru time ○ Natural selection: explains how evolution occurs ○ Fitness: ability to produce offspring ○ Adaptation: when an individual acquires a trait that increases fitness in an environment ○ Population: group of same organisms living in the same area ■ In order for natural selection to occur in a population, organisms must vary in what gets passed down to new generations ■ Certain versions of heritable traits must be beneficial to survival more than other versions (they then become more common) ○ Community: lots of populations living in same area ○ Evolutionary change can only be observed by population, and not individuals ○ Individuals are essentially dead-ends, unless they reproduce ○ Evolution occurs when heritable variation leads to differential success in reproduction