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Lab Values CAPA ABGs / Acid-Base Balance

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Lab Values CAPA ABGs / Acid-Base Balance Question Answer What is the normal value for pH in humans? 7.35 - 7.45 What is the normal value for pCO2 in humans? 35-45 What is ithe normal pO2 values ... ? 80-100 What is the normal HCO3 (Bicarbonate) level? 22-26 A pH of 7.2 is ? Acidic Carbon dioxide is an acid or a base? Acid What organ controls CO2? lungs CO2 has a _________ relationship with pH inverse A pH of 7.5 is acidic or basic? Basic (Alkaline) HCO3 (bicarbonate) is controled by what organ? Kidneys A HCO3 of 20 is acidic or alkaline? Acidic A HCO3 of 28 is acidic or alkaline? Alkaline (Base) HCO3 is the body's ______________________ buffer system (controlled by the kidneys - kicks in when respiratory control faile) Respiratory Acidosis is caused by what? Lungs failing to eliminate CO2 (not breathing, shallow breathing, decreased ventilation) Confusion, Headache, Tachycardia and weakness are signs of what? Acute Respiratory Acidosis Weakness, Dull Headache, Sleep Disturbance, Impaired memory, and Personality changes are signs of what? Chronic Respiratory Acidosis (e.g. COPD, Emphysema, OSA) When CO2 increases, pH ______________ decreases (becomes acidodic) How does the nurse treat Respiratory Acidosis? Maintain patent airway, oxygen therapy, pulmonary toilet, ventilation support What should the PACU nurse assess often when a patient has Respiratory Acidosis? LOC Hyperventilation can lead to what? Respiratory Alkalosis Name causes of respiratory Alkalosis Anxiety, Mechanical ventilation, Hypoxemia, CNS stimulation Chvostek's and Trousseau's sign are symptoms of what disorder Respiratory Alkalosis Tetany, Paresthesia, Tachycardia, pale, anxiety are signs of what? Respiratory Alkalosis How do you treat Respiratory Alkalosis? Decrease the respiratory rate (decrease ventilator, focused breathing, oxygen therapy) What are some causes of Metabolic Acidosis? DKA, Renal Failure, Diarrhea, Shock, Alcoholism What are signs of Metabolic Acidosis Warm flushed skin, fatigue, weakness, Kussmaul's respirations, decreased LOC How do you treat Metabolic Acidosis? Hydration, Correct the underlying cause (sodium Bicarbonate not usually given) Blood transfusions may cause what acid/base disorder? Metabolic Alkalosis (blood product is basic) N/V, certain medications, and TPN may cause what? Metabolic Alkalosis What is the hallmark sign of Metabloic Alkalosis? Increased bicarbonate level with rising pCO2 Confusion, Seizures, hypotension, shallow breathing, and tingling/numbness are signs of what? Metabolic Alkalosis How do you treat Metabolic Alkalosis? Antiemetic medication, seizures precautions, replace electrolytes as indicated by labs What is the body's quick compensation mechanism for acid/base disruption? Respiratory rate (very sensative and compensates quickly) How does the kidney compensate for acid/base disorders Changes the amount of Hydrogen excreted and bicarbonate retained (more powerful, but slower than respiratory compensation) [Show More]

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