Astro 001 Unit 2 Part 1, 2, 3

Astro 001 Unit 2 Part 1, 2, 3 Ellipse - ✔✔No center, Has 2 point inside called focuses (foci), Foci an Ellipse are analogue to the center Circle - ✔✔Has a center, point inside circle which is equal distance What's Ke ...

Astro 001 Unit 2 Part 1, 2, 3 Ellipse - ✔✔No center, Has 2 point inside called focuses (foci), Foci an Ellipse are analogue to the center Circle - ✔✔Has a center, point inside circle which is equal distance What's Kepler's 1st. law? (revolve around Sun in ellipse orbit) - ✔✔Planet revolves around the sun in a elliptical orbits with the sun at on focus of the ellipse Wha describes the orbit of the earth around the sun? - ✔✔An ellipse that's close to being circular Perihelion - ✔✔The name for the point in its orbit where the planet is closest to the sun (MOVING FAST) Aphelion - ✔✔Point where its farthest away (MOVING SLOWEST) What's Kepler's 2nd Law support (Faster when closer, Slower when Further) - ✔✔When a planet is closer to the Sun, it's speed is greater than when it's farther away How did Kepler himself originally state this 2nd law? (line joining a planet & sun sweeps out = areas...) - ✔✔A line joining a planet & the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time Kepler's 3rd law? - ✔✔P^2 = (1AU) ^3 The square of the time PERIOD for an orbit of a planet is proportional to cube its avg distance from the sun Saturn is about 10 times as far from the sun as earth is (1AU)^3). About how many times does Earth orbit the sun in the time it take Saturn to orbit just once? - ✔✔30 What other discovery made by Galileo with an early telescope, proved that Earth is not at the center of the universe - ✔✔Phase of Venus What does P represent in this equation P^2/a^3 - ✔✔Orbital period in this case how long it take for a satellite to orbit Jupiter Of the 4 Galilean moons which is closest to Jupiter? - ✔✔Lo Which moon of Jupiter is believed to have a liquid ocean beneath a layer of ice - ✔✔Europa Which moon of Jupiter is the largest? - ✔✔Ganymede What is the nearest planet to the sun? - ✔✔Mercury The temp on Mercury range from --290F to 800F. So why did they say Mercury has such extreme temperatures? (NO atmosphere) - ✔✔Because it has no atmosphere to retain the heat. The daytime temperature is very hot and the nighttime temp is very cold How long is a day on Mercury - ✔✔176 Why is the day on mercury so long - ✔✔Orbits slowly What causes the craters? (collision with chunks of debris M&C) - ✔✔Collisions with chunks of debris like meteorites & comets Which of these following statements can be said about Venus? (has a very slow speed rotation) - ✔✔Venus has very slow speed of rotation. A Day-Night cycle is longer than a year. Venus id Closer to the Sun than Earth is. Which among the following scenarios will be true for someone watching the sky from Venus surface - ✔✔The Sun would rise in the west and set in the east Craters on Venus - ✔✔are about the same in size and structure to those on Earth, Moon, and Mars Volcanoes on Venus - ✔✔produce very large lava flows that cover at least 85% of planets surface Where do mountains of Earth come from? (plates of rocks) - ✔✔In some locations, plates of rock on the planet's surface press together and the plates rise together Where are aurorae likely to be seen most frequently? (poles) - ✔✔at locations near the poles What is not true about Earth's atmosphere? (+++ CO2, heated more than Venus) - ✔✔Its has more Carbon Dioxide than Venus, so is heated more than Venus by greenhouse effect What is ozone? ( 3 O2 atoms bonded = 1 molecule) - ✔✔Three oxygen atoms bonded together into single molecule. What would happen if the ozone layer were completely destroyed? (UV thru Atm. & Destroy life) - ✔✔Ultraviolet radiation from the sun would get through the atmosphere and cause damage to life. Why is Venus's day so long? - ✔✔Venus's rotation time is very long compared to the time it takes to go once around the sun The greenhouse Effect: (Venus > Earth) - ✔✔is larger on Venus than on Earth Which two Terrestrial Planets have the least amount of atmosphere (Mer & Mar) - ✔✔Mercury and Mars The Densities of the four Terrestrial planets are similar to each other. This means - ✔✔they are made of similar substances A Meteor shower can occur when: (Earth's orbit + trail of debris from COMET) - ✔✔Earth's orbit crossed a trail of debris left behind from a comet Most meteors: - ✔✔are very small pieces of rock burning in the Earth's atmosphere A comet's nucleus is composed of: (dust, dry &water ice) - ✔✔dust, dry ice, and water ice The material in a meteorite is: (old~~ Solar.S) - ✔✔roughly as old as the Solar System What is not a characteristic of jovian planets? (HIGH DENSITY) - ✔✔They are higher density than terrestrial planets Which planet has a moon with many sulfur volcanoes? - ✔✔Jupiter Which planets have rocky, relatively dense composition - ✔✔Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars Jupiter's moon lo does not have any volcanic activity TRUE/FALSE? - ✔✔FALSE Which properties characterize all jovian planets? - ✔✔many moons, large size, low densities Which statement about the rotation of the Inner planets is true? (Venus rotate opposite direction) - ✔✔Venus rotates in the opposite direction from the other three planets Mercury rotates exactly one and a half times for every one revolution around the sun. TRUE/FALSE? - ✔✔TRUE Why do the orbits of the planets all lie in nearly the same plane? (NEBULA flattened into DISK) - ✔✔The early sun nebula flattened into a disk Of these choices, which planet has the most moons? - ✔✔Saturn Venus is visible to us (sunrise&sets) - ✔✔only near sunrise or sunset A Planet is in orbit around the Sun. The semimajor axis of the orbit is 5 Astromical Units (AU). Use P^2=a^3 to calculate the period of orbit in years. - ✔✔11.2 years How do most craters on moons form? (Aster.) - ✔✔impact of asteroids Which is the largest? - ✔✔Jupiter;s moon Ganymede Which planet has a temperature of 800 degrees Fahrenheit on the side facing the Sun and -290 degrees Fahrenheit on the side of opposite of the sun - ✔✔Mercury How many Earth years does it take Uranus to orbit the sun - ✔✔84 Meteors are - ✔✔asteroids or comet debris that passes into Earth's atmosphere and burns up Which feature of Neptune is most responsible for its blue color? (Meth. in ATM.) - ✔✔methane in its atmosphere the planet Uranus is - ✔✔blue-green and virtually featureless. The surface of Venus is hotter than the surface of Mercury because (thick atmosphere + massive) - ✔✔Venus is more massive and is able to retain a thick atmosphere. Which of the following is moving fastest in the orbit? - ✔✔Venus at its perihelion (closest point to Sun) Saturn has a density of 4.8 grams per cubic centimeter, similar to metals like aluminum and iron TRUE/FALSE? - ✔✔FALSE Which of the following is the cause of aurora? (Solar ice particles) - ✔✔solar ice particles that hit the atmosphere of the planet Which of the following objects have a dark/black sky even in the daytime? (M& M) - ✔✔both the moon and mercury Which of the following is the largest distance? - ✔✔the distance from Jupiter to Saturn Io, Earth, and Triton have - ✔✔active volcanoes Which of the following is NOT required in order to classify a Solar System object as a planet (instead of a dwarf planet)? - ✔✔It must be larger than all of the moons in the Solar System Which of the following planets rotates the slowest? (V) - ✔✔Venus Which planet looks the most like the moon? - ✔✔Mercury If you know the orbital period and semimajor axis of the orbit of one of Saturn's moons, what could you determine? - ✔✔Saturn's mass Which is not a characteristic of a comet? - ✔✔most orbit the Sun in between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter Jupiter has about the overall density of - ✔✔Milk Jupiter is made up of - ✔✔Hydrogen & Heluim A day on Jupiter is .... Hours long - ✔✔10 hours P square equals (a) cubed. It looks like (a) is about 5.2 (astronomical units (5.2 X 5.2 X 5.2) ` - ✔✔140.608 So if (a)3 is 140.608 that means - ✔✔11.85 Saturn is made up of - ✔✔Hydrogen and Helium like Jupiter (less dense than water) Which of Saturn's moon, has one bright side and one dark side? - ✔✔Iapetus What's a dwarf planet? (Obj. orbiting SUN, large enough to be round, but not one of the 8 planets) - ✔✔Any object orbiting the Sun that is large enough to be round but not one of the 8 planets Which of the following is not a characteristic of Jovian planet? (high Dens.) - ✔✔They have a higher density than terrestrial planets Which planet has a moon with many sulfur? - ✔✔Jupiter Which planets have a rocky, relatively dense composition? - ✔✔Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars Jupiter moon Lo doesn't have any volcanic activity TRUE/FALSE? - ✔✔FALSE What properties character all the Jovian planets (compared to Terrestrial planets - ✔✔Many moons, large size, low densities Which of the planet has a denser atmosphere? (V) - ✔✔Venus