Biology Mendelian Genetics
Heredity - ✔✔the process of transferring traits from parents to offspring
Seven Pea Plant Characters that Gregor Mendel studied - ✔✔Seed Shape, Seed colour, Flower
colour, Pod shape, Pod col
...
Biology Mendelian Genetics
Heredity - ✔✔the process of transferring traits from parents to offspring
Seven Pea Plant Characters that Gregor Mendel studied - ✔✔Seed Shape, Seed colour, Flower
colour, Pod shape, Pod colour, Stem place, Stem size
What technique did Mendel use to control his plant breeding - ✔✔Pollination by transferring
pollen with a brush to the stigma of another plant
True-breeding - ✔✔Homozygous Purebreed, two identical alleles for a trait
Alleles - ✔✔Different forms of a gene
Parental Inheritance - ✔✔One alleles from each parent is ingerited. Two alleles make a gene.
Dominant/Recessive - ✔✔Dominant alleles is expressed, the recessive alleles remains hidden
Law of Segregation - ✔✔alleles become separated during meiosis, producing haploid gametes,
therefore an egg or sperm will only contain one alleles for each trait
Genotype - ✔✔The genetic make-up of the gene, consisting of two alleles
BB - ✔✔Homozygous dominant (purebreed)
Bb - ✔✔Heterozygous (Hybrid)
bb - ✔✔Homozygous recessive
Phenotype - ✔✔Physical trait observed
Mendel's 2nd Law - ✔✔Principle of Dominance and Recessiveness. (One factor is dominant
over another.)
Biotechnology - ✔✔Is the use of an organism, or a component of an organism or other biological
system, to make a product or process
Dolly the Cloned Sheep - ✔✔Genetically modified organisms, or gene therapy. Clone.
65 - ✔✔More than _% of biotech companies in the U.S. are involved in pharmaceutical
production
in vitro - ✔✔refers to working in a controlled environment outside of a living organism
What individuals are bred during a test cross? - ✔✔When an unknown genotype is crossed with
a homozygous recessive individual.
Incomplete dominance - ✔✔When neither alleles is dominant over the other. The heterozygous
hybrid genotype produces over the other. The heterozygous hybrid genotypes produces offspring
with a mix phenotype.
Codominance - ✔✔When both alleles are dominant and both alleles are expressed.
Polygenic inheritance - ✔✔A chararistic that varies across the spectrum of a population because
it is controlled by more than one gene. (For example: Human skin color. Height Three genes are
involved)
Chromosomes theory of inheritance - ✔✔Alleles within a gamete are formed when
chromosomes are independently sorted during meiosis. Chromosomes carry the unit of heredity
(A gene)
Loci - ✔✔Specific location on the chromosomes
Linked genes - ✔✔Genes that tend to be inherited together. This is because they are located
close together on the same chromosomes. Therefore... less likely to become separated during
crossing over.
Recombinant Phenotypes - ✔✔When offspring had phenotypes that did not match the parents.
(Crossing over)
Sex-linked - ✔✔It is a gene that falls on the X chromosome (Hemophilia, Baldness, Muscular
dystrophy, color blindness)
Law of Independent Assortment - ✔✔The distribution of one factor into gametes is completely
independent from another
Factors (Alleles) occurs in... - ✔✔pairs
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