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4. Mendelian Genetics

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4. Mendelian Genetics 1. alternative form for a specific gene (either dominant or recessive) 2. can prevent the allele from being expressed in a pair of genes 3. the genes present in an organism 4. a pair of non-identical genes that influence a trait in different ways 5. a pair of genes that are identical in the way they influence a trait 6. offspring from a cross between parents; has different phenotypes for a specific trait - ✔✔1. allele 2. dominant 3. genotype 4. heterozygous 5. homozygous 6. hybrid 1. the breeding of two organisms that differ in a single trait 2. the expression of a genetic trait; what the trait looks like 3. a phenotype (trait) resulting from homozygous genes from the offspring of true breeding 4. a gene or trait that is masked when a dominant allele is present 5. when an organism that possesses both male and female gametes brings the two genetically identical gametes together to produce offspring - ✔✔1. monohybrid cross 2. phenotype 3. purebred 4. recessive 5. self-fertilization Heredity allows for ______. change between generations consistency between generations both A and B neither A nor B - ✔✔both A and B Why did Mendel prevent his plants from self-pollinating? so they couldn't produce offspring to insure that each plant's offspring would remain identical to the parents to control the crossing of the traits to maintain a pure strain - ✔✔C A monohybrid cross is made between plants that _____. have experienced only one hybrid generation differ in only one trait are identical are self-pollinated - ✔✔B The seeds collected from the first generation monohybrids are called _____. P1 F3 F1 F2 - ✔✔F1 Each trait of a plant is determined by _____. an allele one gene a pair of genes one dominant gene - ✔✔a pair of genes The characteristic that results from a monohybrid cross is the _____ trait. dominant recessive - ✔✔dominant What can be expected for the recessive trait of monohybrids from the F2 generation? all dominant traits all recessive traits 1/3 dominant traits 2/3 recessive traits none of the above - ✔✔none Recessive genes will always be masked by dominant genes. This is Mendel's principle of ____. - ✔✔dominance Mendel believed that during the formation of gametes, the pair of genes controlling a trait separate. He called this the principle of _____. dominance segregation separation recession - ✔✔segregation The genotype represents _____. a paired combination of genes either a dominant or recessive gene a given phenotype two alleles - ✔✔A The outward appearance of a particular trait is called the .______ - ✔✔phenotype 1. Rr 2. rr 3. identical alleles 4. unlike alleles 5. RR - ✔✔1. heterozygous, dominant cell 2. homozygous, recessive cell 3. homozygous definition 4. heterozygous definition 5. homozygous, dominant cell To determine if a particular plant is homozygous or heterozygous, you would have to test cross with a _____ to make the check. homozygous recessive heterozygous dominant homozygous dominant purebred - ✔✔A

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