BSC 108 Exam 1-ALABAMA

BSC 108 Exam 1-ALABAMA Domain Eukarya contains animals, plants, protists, and fungi. - ✔✔True The process of keeping internal conditions constant is known as - ✔✔Homeostasis The levels of biological organization, in o ...

BSC 108 Exam 1-ALABAMA Domain Eukarya contains animals, plants, protists, and fungi. - ✔✔True The process of keeping internal conditions constant is known as - ✔✔Homeostasis The levels of biological organization, in order from least complex to most complex, are: biosphere, ecosystems, communities, populations, organisms, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, atoms, molecules. - ✔✔False A new species has been discovered. Individuals of this species are multicellular eukaryotes that obtain nutrients from decomposing organic matter. In which domain should this species be classified? - ✔✔domain Eukarya Communities are more complex than populations. - ✔✔true What is the lowest level of structure that can perform all activities required for life? - ✔✔cells A tentative explanation of an observation is - ✔✔hypothesis A collection of hypotheses that have been repeatedly tested without rejection is called a - ✔✔theory The three domains of life are: - ✔✔Eukarya, Archaea, Bacteria What is the difference between hypothesis and theory? - ✔✔A theory is much broader in scope than a hypothesis and is generally supported by an accumulation of extensive and varied evidence. Describe one theory that unifies biology as a science. - ✔✔The theory of evolution by natural selection unifies biology as a science because it accounts for the unity and diversity of life on Earth. This theory states that there is an overproduction of offspring and competition for resources, and variation exists among individual offspring. Unequal reproductive success (natural selection) among these offspring is the mechanism of evolution. What are the steps used in the scientific method? Use an example to illustrate the steps of the scientific method. - ✔✔a)Observations, Question, Hypothesis, Prediction, Test, Revise hypothesis or Make additional predictions and test them. Example: I observe that my flashlight does not work. I question whether the batteries are dead. I hypothesize that the dead batteries are causing my flashlight to not work properly. I predict that changing the batteries will cause the flashlight to work again. I test my prediction by replacing the batteries with new ones. If the flashlight works, my hypothesis was correct. If not, perhaps make a new hypothesis that the light bulb is dead and need replacement. What is the function of nucleic acids? - ✔✔To store and transmit hereditary information. Which of the following macromolecules function in energy storage? - ✔✔carbohydrates Which subatomic particle has a negative charge? - ✔✔electron Which of the following is NOT a component of an atom? - ✔✔positron Which of the following is a single-stranded nucleic acid? - ✔✔RNA An element is found to contain 33 electrons, 33 protons, and 22 neutrons. Which of the following is true? - ✔✔Its atomic number is 33 and its atomic mass is 55. Steroids belong to which class of macromolecules? - ✔✔lipids Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis? - ✔✔Dehydration reactions assemble polymers and hydrolysis breaks down polymers. Oxygen forms two ______________ bonds with hydrogen atoms to form a water molecule. - ✔✔polar covalent The subunits of proteins are _________________. The subunits are connected by______________ bonds. - ✔✔amino acids, peptide The functions of lipids include acting as enzymes and producing movement. - ✔✔false What are three properties of water? - ✔✔High specific heat allows for temperature regulation, good solvent, cohesive and adhesive, polar, ice floats. How does hydrolysis affect macromolecules? - ✔✔Hydrolysis is the addition of a water molecule to one of the covalent bonds of a polymermacromolecule, breaking the bond and releasing monomer subunits. Which of the following is NOT found in a prokaryotic cell? - ✔✔mitochondrion Which of the following is capable of converting light energy to chemical energy? - ✔✔chloroplast Proteins are made at the - ✔✔ribosomes Which organelle is the site of cellular respiration, where cells convert food energy into chemical energy? - ✔✔mitochondrion Which organelle stores the cell's DNA? - ✔✔nucleus Animal cells have chloroplasts but plant cells do not. - ✔✔false Select the molecule NOT normally found in plasma membranes. - ✔✔DNA Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane? - ✔✔phospholipids and proteins The organelle that manufactures lipids is the: - ✔✔endoplasmic reticulum Both plant and animal cells have plasma membranes. - ✔✔true Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is FALSE? - ✔✔Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain DNA in a nucleus. What are three differences between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell? - ✔✔Prokaryotic cells are smaller, simpler, and have fewer organelles than eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles including a nucleus but include ribosomes. They are also older in an evolutionary sense. What are the functions of the cytoskeleton? - ✔✔To maintain cell shape and to assist in the movement of organelles. The active site of an enzyme - ✔✔both b and c are correct (B. is the part of the enzyme where its substrate can fit. C. can be used over and over again.) Which of the following is NOT TRUE of energy? - ✔✔Potential energy cannot be converted to kinetic energy. The movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration is - ✔✔diffusion In order for an enzyme to work properly - ✔✔all are true (a. it must have a particular shape. b. the temperature must be within certain limits. c. the pH must be within certain limits.) An enzyme catalyzes a reaction by - ✔✔lowering the energy of activation of a reaction The process by which cells take in large solid material by vesicle formation is called - ✔✔phagocytosis Which of the following specifically refers to the movement of water? - ✔✔osmosis The amount of energy needed to get a chemical reaction started is known as the - ✔✔energy of activation If an animal cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, it will swell and burst. - ✔✔true Describe an example of diffusion. - ✔✔Diffusion is the movement of molecules from where they are highly concentrated to where they are less concentrated, such as the diffusion of smoke molecules throughout a room. What is ATP? What is the importance of ATP inside cells? - ✔✔Adenosine triphosphate. It is the most common energy-carrier molecule in cells, transferring energy from one part of a cell to another. What is exocytosis and why is this process important to an organism? - ✔✔xocytosis is the export of molecules out of a cell in vesicles. It is important for waste removal and for cell-cell communication.