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Ecology Questions and Answers Already Passed Ecology Scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment Ecologist Studies animals and the way they interact with their environment Symbiosis A relationship in which two different organisms live in close association with each other Mutualism A relationship between two species in which both species benefit Commensalism A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited Parasitism A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed Habitat Place where an organism lives niches the role of an organism in its habitat, or how it makes its living Predator An animal that hunts other animals for food Prey Animal hunted or caught for food Competition A common demand by two or more organisms upon a limited supply of a resource; for example, food, water, light, space, mates, nesting sites. It may be intraspecific or interspecific. Consumer An organism that eats other organisms 00:0201:24 Producer An organism that can make its own food. Herbivore A consumer that eats only plants. Carnivore An animal that eats other animals Omnivore An animal that eats both plants and animals Decomposer An organism that breaks down wastes and dead organisms Food Chain A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten Food Web A complex arrangement of interrelated food chains illustrating the flow of energy between interdependent organisms. Organism A living thing Population A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area Community A group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other Ecosystem A system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment Biosphere Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere. Solar System A star orbited by planets. Galaxy A collection of stars, dust, and gas bound together by gravity Universe All of space and everything in it Abiotic Non-living Biotic Living Adaptations Changes in physical structure, function, or behavior that allow an organism or species to survive and reproduce in a given environment. Camouflage The hiding of something as a result of its appearance Biome A group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms Resources Items needed to survive: water, air, space, light, shelter Evolution Change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms. Carrying Capacity The largest population that an area can support Limiting Factors Conditions in the environment that put limits on where an organism can live Energy Pyramid A diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web

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