D027 Pathopharm Questions and Answers 100% Pass

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D027 Pathopharm Questions and Answers 100% Pass color blindness and hemophilia ✔✔sex-linked traits, cones lack one or more wavelength-sensitive chemicals, you will be unable to distinguish the ... colors red, green or blue. Some conditions that can cause color deficits are sickle cell anemia. Thiazide diuretics mechanism of action ✔✔-Inhibit Na reabsorption in the *distal tubule* -Promotes up to 10% of Na and H2O excretion -Increase urinary excretion of other electrolytes Diuril (chlorothiazide) ✔✔1st line drug tx for antihypertensive, thiazide diuretic, tx by reducing bld vol, increased urination Calcium Channel Blockers ✔✔(INE)agents that inhibit the entry of calcium ions into heart muscle cells, causing a slowing of the heart rate, a lessening of the demand for oxygen and nutrients, and a relaxing of the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels to cause dilation; used to prevent or treat angina pectoris, some arrhythmias, and hypertension Ca Channel Blockers ✔✔Dilate the arteries and reduce the force of the heart's contractions Norvasc (amlodipine) Cardizem (Diltiazem) ACE inhibitors adverse effects ✔✔1. first dose hypotension 2. orthostatic hypotension 3.tachycardia 4.photosensitvity 5.renal insufficiency 6. hyperkalemia 7. Angioedema 8. Bone marrow depression Beta Blockers ✔✔decrease heart rate and dilate arteries by blocking beta receptors by inhibiting effects of norepi Escitalopram ✔✔Lexapro SSRI pituitary gland ✔✔The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. atherosclerotic plaque ✔✔fatty deposits accumulated due to elevated glucose levels Primary HTN risk factors ✔✔1. Genetic predisposition 2. Excess dietary salt intake 3. Adrenergic tone 4. racial pattern (HIGHEST : African Americans) Primary HTN causes ✔✔Renal Parenchymal disease Renal vascular disease essential HTN Cardiovascular disease CNS abnormalities Endocrine disease Syndromes Medication related (rare). EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) proteins, mutation driving lung cancer ✔✔medicate with Tagrisso, a type of tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Tagrisso (osimertinib) ✔✔non-small cell lung cancer muscular dystrophy (MD) ✔✔group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) ✔✔Dx based on physical symptoms, family history, an elevated concentration of creatine kinase (CK) in the blood indicating destruction of muscle, and molecular genetic testing. Duchenne muscular dystrophy symptoms ✔✔Pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles; use upper extremity to help them stand up; waddling gait Autosomal Recessive Inheritance ✔✔Skips generations, usually seen in only 1 generation. 25% of offsprings from 2 carrier parents affected. Often due to enzyme deficiencies, more severe than dominant disorders; symptoms presents in childhood. autosomal dominant inheritance ✔✔presence of certain genes that means there is a 100% chance of the person eventually getting the disea [Show More]

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