D027 Pathopharm Questions and Answers 100% Pass

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D027 Pathopharm Questions and Answers 100% Pass color blindness and hemophilia ✔✔sex-linked traits, cones lack one or more wavelength-sensitive chemicals, you will be unable to distinguish the colors red, green or blue. Some conditions that can cause color deficits are sickle cell anemia. Thiazide diuretics mechanism of action ✔✔-Inhibit Na reabsorption in the *distal tubule* -Promotes up to 10% of Na and H2O excretion -Increase urinary excretion of other electrolytes Diuril (chlorothiazide) ✔✔1st line drug tx for antihypertensive, thiazide diuretic, tx by reducing bld vol, increased urination Calcium Channel Blockers ✔✔(INE)agents that inhibit the entry of calcium ions into heart muscle cells, causing a slowing of the heart rate, a lessening of the demand for oxygen and nutrients, and a relaxing of the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels to cause dilation; used to prevent or treat angina pectoris, some arrhythmias, and hypertension Ca Channel Blockers ✔✔Dilate the arteries and reduce the force of the heart's contractions Norvasc (amlodipine) Cardizem (Diltiazem) ACE inhibitors adverse effects ✔✔1. first dose hypotension 2. orthostatic hypotension 3.tachycardia 4.photosensitvity 5.renal insufficiency 6. hyperkalemia 7. Angioedema 8. Bone marrow depression Beta Blockers ✔✔decrease heart rate and dilate arteries by blocking beta receptors by inhibiting effects of norepi Escitalopram ✔✔Lexapro SSRI pituitary gland ✔✔The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. atherosclerotic plaque ✔✔fatty deposits accumulated due to elevated glucose levels Primary HTN risk factors ✔✔1. Genetic predisposition 2. Excess dietary salt intake 3. Adrenergic tone 4. racial pattern (HIGHEST : African Americans) Primary HTN causes ✔✔Renal Parenchymal disease Renal vascular disease essential HTN Cardiovascular disease CNS abnormalities Endocrine disease Syndromes Medication related (rare). EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) proteins, mutation driving lung cancer ✔✔medicate with Tagrisso, a type of tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Tagrisso (osimertinib) ✔✔non-small cell lung cancer muscular dystrophy (MD) ✔✔group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) ✔✔Dx based on physical symptoms, family history, an elevated concentration of creatine kinase (CK) in the blood indicating destruction of muscle, and molecular genetic testing. Duchenne muscular dystrophy symptoms ✔✔Pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles; use upper extremity to help them stand up; waddling gait Autosomal Recessive Inheritance ✔✔Skips generations, usually seen in only 1 generation. 25% of offsprings from 2 carrier parents affected. Often due to enzyme deficiencies, more severe than dominant disorders; symptoms presents in childhood. autosomal dominant inheritance ✔✔presence of certain genes that means there is a 100% chance of the person eventually getting the disea

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