Deductive and Inductive Reasoning
Questions and Answers Already Passed
What are the two ways you move from evidence to a conclusion in an argument? ✔✔1.
Deductive reasoning
2. Inductive reasoning
What does deductive
...
Deductive and Inductive Reasoning
Questions and Answers Already Passed
What are the two ways you move from evidence to a conclusion in an argument? ✔✔1.
Deductive reasoning
2. Inductive reasoning
What does deductive reasoning proceed from? ✔✔A general premise or assumption to a specific
conclusion.
Deduction is what most people mean when they speak of what? ✔✔Logic
Using strict logical form, deduction holds what? ✔✔That if all statements in an argument are
true, then the conclusion must be true
What does induction proceed? ✔✔Individual observations to a more general conclusion and uses
no strict form.
Induction only requires what? ✔✔That all evidence be stated and that the conclusion fit the
evidence better than any other conclusion would.
T or F: Most written arguments use inductive and deductive reasoning separately ✔✔F; They use
a combo of them
What is a basic form of deductive argument? ✔✔Syllogism
What does a syllogism consist of? (3 things) ✔✔1. A major premise
2. A minor premise
3. A conclusion
Define each part of a syllogism (3 things) ✔✔1. A major premise is a general statement
2. A minor premise is a related but more specific statement
3. A conclusion which is drawn from those premises
T or F: If you grant both the major and minor premises, then you must also grant the conclusion.
✔✔T.
T or F: A deductive argument's premises can be fairly elaborate ✔✔T..
What does self-evident mean? ✔✔So obvious that it needs no proof.
What does the conclusion have if it is drawn from the premises? ✔✔Irrefutable logic
What is an argument said to be if it follows logically from the major and minor premises to the
conclusion? ✔✔Valid
If the syllogism is not logical, what does that mean for the argument and conclusion? ✔✔The
argument is not valid and the conclusion is not sound.
What does undistributed mean? ✔✔It covers only some of the items in the class it denotes.
What does a minor premise need to be valid? ✔✔It must refer to the term in the major premise
that is distributed
T or F: Even if a syllogism is valid, it's conclusion will not necessarily be true. ✔✔T...
What does a syllogism need to be sound? (2 things) ✔✔Logical and true
What is the advantage of a deductive argument? ✔✔If your audience accepts your major and
minor premises, the force of logic should bring them to grant your conclusion.
You should try and pick premises that are what? ✔✔Self-evident
T or F: When considering what is self-evident, you should also consider people who hold
different views. ✔✔T....
What particular process does inductive reasoning tend to follow? (3 things) ✔✔1. You have to
decide on a question to be answered or a hypothesis
2. Gather the evidence that you need
3. Make an inference
What is a good way to avoid reaching an unjustified or false conclusion? ✔✔Considering several
possible conclusions
What is the term for when the gap between your evidence and your conclusion is too great that
you reach a conclusion not supported by facts? ✔✔Jumping to a conclusion
T or F: In induction, the hypothesis is merely a starting point ✔✔T......
What kind of information makes the gap between your evidence and conclusion gets smaller?
✔✔Pertinent
The crucial step from evidence to conclusion also involves what? ✔✔An inductive leap
T or F: Inductive conclusions are never certain, only highly probable ✔✔T......
T or F: Inductive conclusions are just what? (2 things) ✔✔Inferences and opinions
When you used induction you are drawing a conclusion based on what? ✔✔Specific evidence
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