Deductive and Inductive Topic 4 & 5

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Deductive and Inductive Topic 4 & 5 The two major types of reasoning .....and...... ✔✔deductive and inductive ........ and......., refer to the process by which someone creates a conclusion as well as how they believe their conclusion to be true. ✔✔deductive and inductive ........requires one to start with a few general ideas, called premises, and apply them to a specific situation. ✔✔Deductive reasoning Deductive reasoning requires one to start with a few general ideas, called......., and apply them to a specific situation. ✔✔premises .......,......,......., and other widely accepted truths are used to prove that a conclusion is right ✔✔Recognized rules, laws, theories The concept of deductive reasoning is often expressed ......using a funnel that narrows a .......into a........ ✔✔visually, general idea, specific conclusion In practice, the most basic form of deductive reasoning is the......, where two premises that share some idea support a conclusion. ✔✔syllogism Syllogism refers to..... ✔✔where two premises that share some idea support a conclusion .........uses a set of specific observations to reach an overarching conclusion; it is the opposite of deductive reasoning. ✔✔Inductive reasoning All forms of inductive reasoning, though, are based on finding a conclusion that is most likely to fit the premises and is used when making....,......,.....,.... ✔✔1/ predictions, 2/ creating generalizations, 3/ analyzing cause and effect. An inductive argument is either considered .....or....based on whether its conclusion is a probable explanation for the premises. ✔✔weak or strong The premises prove the conclusion, not justify it. (T or F) ✔✔True Deductive reasoning is meant to demonstrate that the conclusion is absolutely true based on the logic of the premises. (T or F) ✔✔True a few particular premises create a pattern which gives way to a broad idea that is likely true. (T or F) ✔✔True In the Inductive reasoning we use an inverted funnel (or a pyramid) that starts at the narrow premises and expands into a wider conclusion. (T or F) ✔✔True There is an equivalent to a syllogism in inductive reasoning, meaning there is a basic standard format. (T or F) ✔✔False Correction: There is no equivalent to a syllogism in inductive reasoning, meaning there is no basic standard format. Just as deductive arguments are meant to prove a conclusion, inductive arguments are meant to predict a conclusion. (T or F) ✔✔True

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