Biochemistry Questions and Answers
100% Pass
Matter ✔✔Anything that has mass and/or takes up space (volume)
Element ✔✔A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical
reactions
Molecule ✔✔Any
...
Biochemistry Questions and Answers
100% Pass
Matter ✔✔Anything that has mass and/or takes up space (volume)
Element ✔✔A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical
reactions
Molecule ✔✔Any combination of atoms
Compound ✔✔Two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio
Atom ✔✔Smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element
Atomic Number ✔✔Number of protons
Mass Number ✔✔Number of protons plus neutrons
Atomic Weight ✔✔1 mole of a sustance = atomic weight in grams
Isotope ✔✔Atom with an abnormal number of neutrons
Proton ✔✔Positively charged subatomic particle
Neutron ✔✔Subatomic particle with no charge
Electron ✔✔Negatively charged subatomic particle
Valence Electron ✔✔Outermost electrons in an atom
Covalent Bond ✔✔Sharing of electrons (Two non-metals)
Ionic Bond ✔✔Electrostatic attraction of positive and negative ions (Metal and Non-metal)
Valence shell ✔✔An atom's outermost electron shell
Polar Covalent Bond ✔✔Unequal sharing of electrons due to difference in electronegativity
Cation ✔✔Positively charged ion
Anion ✔✔Negatively charged ion
Hydrogen bond ✔✔Hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atoms is attracted to
another electronegative atom
Reactants ✔✔Starting materials in a reaction
Products ✔✔Ending materials in a reaction
Cohesion ✔✔Two or more molecules of the same substance held together by hydrogen bonds
Adhesion ✔✔Two or more molecules of different substances held together by hydrogen bonds
Surface tension ✔✔Measure of how difficult it is to stretch/break the surface of a liquid
Specific heat ✔✔Amount of heat absorbed to change the temperature by 1 degree C for 1 g of a
substance
Heat of vaporization ✔✔Quantity of heat required to turn liquid to gas
Evaporative cooling ✔✔As liquid evaporates surface cools since molecules left behind have less
kinetic energy
Solute ✔✔The substance that dissolves
Solvent ✔✔The dissolving agent in a solution
Hydrophobic ✔✔Water fearing (will NOT mix with water)
Hydrophilic ✔✔Water fearing (mixes with water)
Temperature ✔✔Measure of heat energy as average kinetic energy
Insulation ✔✔Water is less dense as a solid, freezing creates protective barrier
Acid ✔✔Substance that increases [H+]
Base ✔✔Substance that decreases [H+]
Buffer ✔✔Substance that minimizes changes in [H+] or [OH-] in a solution
Structural Isomer ✔✔Diiference in the covalent arragnement of atoms
Enantiomers ✔✔Mirror image isomers (like your left and right hand)
Monomer ✔✔Building block (repeating units)
Polymer ✔✔Long molecule consisting of many repeating units linked by covalent bonds
Dehydration reaction ✔✔Monomers are joined together and a water molecule is lost
Enzymes ✔✔Special macromolecules that speed up reactions in cells
Hydrolysis ✔✔Polymers are disassembled and a water molecule is used
Carbohydate ✔✔Includes both sugars and polymers of sugars
Polysaccharides ✔✔Polymers with hundreds to thousands of monosaccharides
Starch ✔✔Sugar storage molecule for plants, made of glucose monomers (Alpha linked)
Glycogen ✔✔Sugar storage molecule for animals, made of glucose monomers (Alpha linked),
extensively branched
Cellulose ✔✔Major component of plant cell walls, made of glucose monomers (Beta linked),
never branched
Fat ✔✔Made of glycerol and fatty acids
Triglyceride ✔✔Three fatty acids linked to one glycerol
Saturated fat ✔✔No double bonds in fatty acid chain, solid at room temperature
Unsaturated fat ✔✔Double bonds in fatty acid chain, liquid at room temperature
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