CBMT Exam Music Therapy Boards Term Elaborations

CBMT Exam Music Therapy Boards Term Elaborations Psychodynamic Approach ✔Ans✔ -Human behavior is based on unconscious psychological processes (impulses, desires, motives) -Early childhood events Eclectic Approach ...

CBMT Exam Music Therapy Boards Term Elaborations Psychodynamic Approach ✔Ans✔ -Human behavior is based on unconscious psychological processes (impulses, desires, motives) -Early childhood events Eclectic Approach ✔Ans✔ -Draw freely from all approaches without accepting the frameworks behind them -Goal: more efficient treatment Behavioral Approach ✔Ans✔ -Meant to change behavior -Classical/operant conditioning -ABA: applied behavioral analysis (autism) -Positive/negative reinforcement -Punishment and Reward Episodic Memory ✔Ans✔ long-term memory of specific experiences or events, linked to time and place that can be stated Semantic Memory ✔Ans✔ Common knowledge, not from personal experience Working Memory ✔Ans✔ Short/temporary while performing task/learning Procedural Memory ✔Ans✔ Long-term memory of how to perform different tasks without consciously thinking about previous experience Explicit Memory ✔Ans✔ Intentional recollection of long-term memory Implicit Memory ✔Ans✔ Long-term unconscious memory Reframing ✔Ans✔ Identifying thoughts and changing the way they're viewed Experimental Group Design ✔Ans✔ Employ scientific methods to test a hypothesis and control experimental variables in a controlled manner Locus of Control ✔Ans✔ the tendency for people to assume that they either have control or do not have control over events and consequences in their lives Internal Locus ✔Ans✔ -Control your own fate -Effort has direct impact on success External Locus ✔Ans✔ -No control of own fate -Luck or fate -No connection between effort and success Assimilation ✔Ans✔ -Jean Piaget -Incorporating new ideas into existing ideas Accommodation ✔Ans✔ -Jean Piaget -Concepts/schema are modified or new ones created to accommodate new knowledge -Relates to how young children integrate new info with things they already know to gain a better understanding of concepts and other knowledge Stereotypic Behavior ✔Ans✔ -Variety of behaviors typical in individuals who have autism, blindness, etc. -Ex: flapping hands, swaying side to side, etc. Early Intervening ✔Ans✔ -Included in 2004 reauthorization of IDEA -Allows/encourages schools to provide intervention to struggling services, even before they've been identified as special education Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) ✔Ans✔ -Form of behavior modification that uses shaping techniques (in small steps) to mold a desired behavior or response -Prompting and reinforcements gradually decrease -Used commonly with autism, but is used with other disorders too Manifestation Determination ✔Ans✔ -Student's inappropriate behavior is not a result, or manifestation, of his or her disability -Usually determined in a hearing and is required when a student's behavior violates school rules and before the school can undertake disciplinary action that might result in a student's suspension from school. Secondary Gains ✔Ans✔ Unexpected/unplanned outcomes over the course of therapy Flat Affect ✔Ans✔ No facial expression of emotion Sensory Impairments ✔Ans✔ -Affects sensual contact with environment -Stops normal works of muscular receptions -Seeing, touching, moving, tasting Physical Therapy/Physiotherapy ✔Ans✔ -Rehabilitative treatment of physical impairment/challenge -Massage, hydrotherapy, heat, and exercise. Physical Challenges/Impairment ✔Ans✔ Conditions that affect the ability of the body to perform normal functions Developmental Disability ✔Ans✔ -Originates prior to 18 years -Indefinitely continuing handicap -Ex: autism, intellectual, CP, epilepsy, severe learning disabilities Forensic Psychiatry ✔Ans✔ -Devoted to legal problems and infractions of law -Primarily criminal Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 ✔Ans✔ Civil rights law for people with disabilities to protect them from discrimination in a wide range of activities