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NUR 265 Exam 2 Study Guide

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● 2 Pleural, 1 attached to outside of lungs and 1 attached to inside of ribs. ● Space between the 2 pleural is negative to atmosphere ● When inhale becomes more positive and atmosphere more ne ... gative. Exhaling is passive ● Most of lower lobes are posterior, must listen to lungs posteriorly ● Breath sounds o Bronchial: High pitched & loud, normal in tracheal & larynx o Bronchovesicular: Moderate pitched & amplitude, normal over major bronchi o Vesicular: Low pitched & soft, like wind through trees, normal in lower lung fields where smaller bronchioles & alveoli are. Pulmonary Emboli (P 603) ● Occlusion of portion of pulmonary artery by a blood clot – from venous circulation – lower extremities or heart. ● Causes ventilation-perfusion mismatch (V/Q) – Ventilated alveoli no longer perfused due to clotted artery. ● Risk Factors o Venous stasis (w/prolonged immobility); Central venous catheters; Surgery (NPO, dehydrated, immobilized pts); Obesity; Advanced age; Hypercoagulability (Platelets >400K and not enough fluids; sticky blood); Hx of thromboembolism. o Greatest r/f in the young is the combo of smoking and hormone based contraceptives. [Show More]

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