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NR 283 Gould's Pathophysiology for the Health Professions

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Exam Atrophy refers to Reduce in size causes: reduce use of tissue, insuf?cient nutrition, decrease stimulation, and aging. Exam Hypertrophy refers to enlarged tissue mass causes: additional wor... k by tissue increased demands Exam Hyperplasia increased number=enlarged tissue mass hormonal imbalance Exam Metaplasia mature cell is replaced differently de?cit in vitamin A Ex. respiratory is cells replaced from smokers Exam Dysplasia cells vary in size and shape chronic irritation precancerous stage detection of aytpical cell in a pap smear Exam Anaplasia characteristic of cancer basis for grading the aggressiveness of a tumor Exam Side Notes PRINTED BY: whitney.hurd@my.chamberlain.edu. Printing of Notes and Highlights is for personal, private use only. Notes created by user are not part of publisher content. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. 8/23/2017 Notebook: Gould's Pathophysiology for the Health Professions https://online.vitalsource.com/#/ 2/59 Aug 17, 2017 Aug 22, 2017 Aug 22, 2017 Aug 22, 2017 Aug 22, 2017 Aug 22, 2017 Aug 22, 2017 Neoplasia new growth=tumor Important •Ischemia, a decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a tissue or organ, due to circulatory obstruction•Physical agents, excessive heat or cold, or radiation exposure•Mechanical damage such as pressure or tearing of tissue•Chemical toxins•Microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites•Abnormal metabolites accumulating in cells•Nutritional de?cits•Imbalance of ?uids or electrolytes Exam EdemaFluid excess occurs in the extracellular compartment and may be referred to as isotonic/iso-osmolar, hypotonic/hypo-osmolar, or hypertonic/hyper-osmolar, depending on the cause Exam Edema refers to an excessive amount of ?uid in the interstitial compartment, which causes a swelling or enlargement of the tissues. Exam Edema is usually more severe in dependent areas of the body, where the force of gravity is greatest, such as the buttocks, ankles, or feet of a person in a wheelchair. Prolonged edema interferes with venous return, arterial circulation, and cell function in the affected area. Exam 1.The ?rst cause is increased capillary hydrostatic pressure Exam Second, edema may be related to the loss of plasma proteins, particularly [Show More]

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