Exam
Atrophy refers to
Reduce in size causes: reduce use of tissue, insuf?cient nutrition, decrease
stimulation, and aging.
Exam
Hypertrophy refers to
enlarged tissue mass causes: additional work by tissue increase
...
Exam
Atrophy refers to
Reduce in size causes: reduce use of tissue, insuf?cient nutrition, decrease
stimulation, and aging.
Exam
Hypertrophy refers to
enlarged tissue mass causes: additional work by tissue increased demands
Exam
Hyperplasia
increased number=enlarged tissue mass hormonal imbalance
Exam
Metaplasia
mature cell is replaced differently de?cit in vitamin A Ex. respiratory is cells
replaced from smokers
Exam
Dysplasia
cells vary in size and shape chronic irritation precancerous stage detection of
aytpical cell in a pap smear
Exam
Anaplasia
characteristic of cancer basis for grading the aggressiveness of a tumor
Exam
Side Notes
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Neoplasia
new growth=tumor
Important
•Ischemia, a decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a tissue or organ, due to
circulatory obstruction•Physical agents, excessive heat or cold, or radiation
exposure•Mechanical damage such as pressure or tearing of tissue•Chemical
toxins•Microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites•Abnormal
metabolites accumulating in cells•Nutritional de?cits•Imbalance of ?uids or
electrolytes
Exam
EdemaFluid excess occurs in the extracellular compartment and may be
referred to as isotonic/iso-osmolar, hypotonic/hypo-osmolar, or
hypertonic/hyper-osmolar, depending on the cause
Exam
Edema refers to an excessive amount of ?uid in the interstitial compartment,
which causes a swelling or enlargement of the tissues.
Exam
Edema is usually more severe in dependent areas of the body, where the force
of gravity is greatest, such as the buttocks, ankles, or feet of a person in a
wheelchair. Prolonged edema interferes with venous return, arterial circulation,
and cell function in the affected area.
Exam
1.The ?rst cause is increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
Exam
Second, edema may be related to the loss of plasma proteins, particularly
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