Physiology Spring Lecture 22 Study Guide: Chapter 16 The Digestive System 1 (p 565 - 597)
1. What is the primary function of the gastrointestinal system? (p. 566)
The primary function of the gastrointestinal system i
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Physiology Spring Lecture 22 Study Guide: Chapter 16 The Digestive System 1 (p 565 - 597)
1. What is the primary function of the gastrointestinal system? (p. 566)
The primary function of the gastrointestinal system is to transfer nutrients, water, and electrolytes from the food we eat to the body’s internal environment.
2. What are the four basic digestive processes? (p. 566)
1) Motility: muscular contractions that mix and move forward the contents within the tract.
2) Secretion: consists of water, electrolytes, and specific organic constituents important in the digestive process, such as enzymes, bile salts, or mucus.
3) Digestion: chemically break down structurally complex foodstuff of the diet into smaller, absorbable units.
4) Absorption: small absorbable units that result from digestion, along with water, vitamins, and electrolytes, are transferred from the digestive tract lumen into the blood or lymph.
3. How are the following macronutrients broken down in the process of digestion: (p. 566)
Chemical name Common name/description examples/what it is found in
Monosaccharides “one-sugar” molecules Examples: Glucose, fructose, galactose
Polysaccharide “many-sugar” molecules Example: Starch- contains amylose and amylopectin
Glycogen Highly branched polysaccharide storage form of glucose in muscle Found in: meat
Indigestible dietary polysaccharides Insoluble fiber Found in: plant walls Example: cellulose
Indigestible dietary polysaccharides Soluble fiber Found in: plant walls Example: pectin
4. List the accessory digestive organs and their function (p. 569)
1. Salivary Glands: Lie outside the oral cavity and discharge saliva through short ducts into the
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