A-level GEOGRAPHY Paper 1 Physical Geography

A-level GEOGRAPHY Paper 1 Physical Geography Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes Materials For this paper you must have:  the colour insert (enclosed)  a pencil  a rubber  a ruler. You may use a calculator. ...

A-level GEOGRAPHY Paper 1 Physical Geography Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes Materials For this paper you must have:  the colour insert (enclosed)  a pencil  a rubber  a ruler. You may use a calculator. Instructions  Use black ink or black ball-point pen.  Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.  Answer all questions in Section A.  Answer either Question 2 or Question 3 or Question 4 in Section B.  Answer either Question 5 or Question 6 in Section C.  You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages.  If you need additional extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of this book. Write the question number against your answer(s).  Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information  The marks for questions are shown in brackets.  The total number of marks available for this paper is 120. For Examiner’s Use Section Mark A B C TOTAL Please write clearly in block capitals. Centre number Candidate number Surname _________________________________________________________________________ Forename(s) _________________________________________________________________________ Candidate signature _________________________________________________________________________ I declare this is my own work. (JUN227037101) 2 (02) G/Jun22/7037/1 Do not write outside the box Section A Water and carbon cycles Answer all questions in this section. 0 1 . 1 Explain the concept of negative feedback within the carbon cycle. [4 marks] ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Extra space ______________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 3 (03) G/Jun22/7037/1 Do not write outside the box Turn over 8 Figure 1 is in the insert. Figure 1 shows changes in the terrestrial water system in response to human activity and climate change between 2012 and 2016. 0 1 . 2 Analyse the changes in the terrestrial water system shown in Figure 1. [6 marks] ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Extra space ______________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Question 1 continues on the next page 4 (04) G/Jun22/7037/1 Do not write outside the box Figure 2 is in the insert. Figure 2 shows regional changes in forest cover between 1990 and 2010. 0 1 . 3 Using Figure 2 and your own knowledge, assess the challenges arising out of the changing forest cover. [6 marks] ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Extra space ______________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 5 (05) G/Jun22/7037/1 Do not write outside the box Turn over 8 0 1 . 4 ‘Human activity needs to focus more on adapting to the expected negative impacts of climate change than on taking measures to restore atmospheric carbon to pre-industrial levels.’ How far do you agree with this view? [20 marks] ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 6 (06) G/Jun22/7037/1 Do not write outside the box ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Extra space ______________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 7 (07) G/Jun22/7037/1 Do not write outside the box Turn over 8 ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ____ 36 End of Section A Turn over for Section B 8 (08) G/Jun22/7037/1 Do not write outside the box Section B Answer one question in this section. Answer either Question 2 or Question 3 or Question 4. Question 2 Hot desert systems and landscapes 0 2 . 1 Outline the sources of water in deserts. [4 marks] ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Extra space ______________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 9 (09) G/Jun22/7037/1 Do not write outside the box Turn over 8 Figures 3a and 3b are in the insert. Figure 3a shows annual mean temperatures in Australia in 2018 compared to historical temperature observations. Figure 3b shows annual rainfall in Australia in 2018 compared to historical rainfall observations. 0 2 . 2 Analyse the extent of the relationships shown in Figure 3a and Figure 3b. [6 marks] ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Extra space ______________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Question 2 continues on the next page 10 G/Jun22/7037/1 Do not write outside the box (10) Figure 4 shows a landscape feature in the White Desert in western Egypt. Figure 4 Note: The White Desert extends over 300 km2 of the Egyptian Sahara Desert. Sedimentary rocks formed from oceanic deposition in an earlier geological era are now subject to hot desert conditions. Features such as those illustrated protrude above the landscape to give the White Desert its distinctive character. Mushroom-shaped formations can be as high as 4.5 metres. 0 2 . 3 Using Figure 4 and your own knowledge, assess the role of wind in the development of this landscape. [6 marks] ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 11 G/Jun22/7037/1 Do not write outside the box Turn over 8 (11) ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Extra space ______________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 0 2 . 4 How far can an understanding of systems in physical geography help to mitigate against the expansion of deserts into semi-arid areas? [20 marks] ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 12 G/Jun22/7037/1 Do not write outside the box (12) ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 13 G/Jun22/7037/1 Do not write outside the box Turn over 8 (13) ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Extra space ______________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ____ 36 End of Question 2 14 G/Jun22/7037/1 Do not write outside the box (14) Question 3 Coastal systems and landscapes 0 3 . 1 Outline factors leading to the formation of fjords. [4 marks] ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Extra space ______________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 15 G/Jun22/7037/1 Do not write outside the box Turn over 8 (15) Figures 5a and 5b are in the insert. Figure 5a shows geographical variation in the 1992–2014 global sea level change using satellite data. Figure 5b shows geographical variation in the 1992–2019 global sea level change using another source of satellite data. 0 3 . 2 Using only Figures 5a and 5b, evaluate the relative usefulness of these sources in demonstrating eustatic sea level change. [6 marks] ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Extra space ______________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Question 3 continues on the next page 16 G/Jun22/7037/1 Do not write outside the box (16) Figure 6 is a photograph of part of the Mersey Estuary at Runcorn, Cheshire in 2019. Figure 6 Note: Runcorn lies about 25 kilometres from the sea on the south bank of the tidal estuary of the River Mersey where the tidal range can be as high as 9 metres. This particular photograph was taken at low tide looking towards the north bank of the estuary. The River Mersey ends its approximately 110 km course in this tidal estuary. 0 3 . 3 Using Figure 6 and your own knowledge, assess the view that deposition is the most important factor in the development of this landscape. [6 marks] ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________