Pearson Edexcel Level I ILeveI 2 GCSE (9— I) 1 GAO/02 Geography A PAPER 2:

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Instructions • Use black ink or ball-point pen. • Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name, centre number and candidate number. • In Section A answer all questions. • Then... , answer either Section B or Section C. • If you choose Section C – answer all of Question 3 and either Question 4 or Question 5. • Answer the questions in the spaces provided – there may be more space than you need. Information • The total mark for this paper is 64. • The marks for each question are shown in brackets – use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. • The marks available for spelling, punctuation and grammar are clearly indicated. Advice • Read each question carefully before you start to answer it. • Check your answers if you have time at the end. *P70843RA0224* 2  Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross . SECTION A Changing Cities Answer ALL questions in this section. Write your answers in the spaces provided. Spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology will be assessed in Question 1(f). 1 The city of St Albans is influenced by its site, situation and connectivity. (a) Study the Ordnance Survey (OS) map extract. (i) Which one of the following grid squares does the A1081 main road pass through? (1) A 1707 B 1506 C 1409 D 1206 (ii) Name the two suburbs of St Albans located in the following grid squares. (2) 1508 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1405 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (iii) Suggest one reason why the area in grid square 1407 became the original site of St Albans. (3) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... *P70843RA0324* Turn over 3  (iv) Compare the land use in grid square 1409 with grid square 1505. 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(b) Study Figure 1a in the Resource Booklet. (i) Identify the age group with the largest population. (1) A Age 0 to 14 B Age 15 to 29 C Age 30 to 44 D Age 75 to 89 (ii) Calculate the percentage (%) of Nottingham’s population aged 45 to 59 years old. Give your answer to one decimal place. You must show your working in the space below. (2) ...............................% (c) Define the term de-centralisation. (1) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... *P70843RA0424* 4  (d) Study Figure 1b in the Resource Booklet. (i) Identify the two correct statements about migration to Manchester. (2) A The same number of migrants came from the West Midlands and the East Midlands. B More migrants came from the North West than from the North East and the East Midlands combined. C A total of 3,000 migrants came from the West Midlands and the East combined. D Fewer migrants came from the South East than the North East. E A total of 5,000 people migrated from Yorkshire and the Humber and the North East combined. (ii) Calculate the range of the number of migrants across all regions shown in Figure 1b. (1) ............................... migrants (iii) Explain one impact of migration on housing in a UK city that you have studied. (2) Named UK city .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... *P70843RA0524* Turn over 5  (e) Explain two factors that have influenced the level of urbanisation in different regions of the UK. 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In this question, up to four additional marks will be awarded for your spelling, punctuation, grammar and use of specialist terminology. (f) You have studied a major city in either a developing or an emerging country. Evaluate how successful bottom-up and top-down approaches have been in solving the problems caused by rapid growth. 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(Spelling, punctuation and grammar and use of specialist terminology = 4 marks) (Total for Question 1 = 34 marks) TOTAL FOR SECTION A = 34 MARKS *P70843RA0724* Turn over 7  Answer EITHER Section B OR Section C SECTION B Global Development If you answer Section B put a cross in the box . Answer ALL questions in this section. Write your answers in the spaces provided. 2 The level of development of a country can be measured in different ways, for example by using the Human Development Index (HDI). (a) Study Figure 2a below. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 Expected years of schooling Life expectancy at birth (years) South Sudan Gambia India Kenya Ethiopia Georgia Afghanistan Kazakhstan Romania Figure 2a Life expectancy and expected years of schooling for selected developing and emerging countries in 2018 *P70843RA0824* 8  (i) Complete Figure 2a by plotting the data in the table below. (2) Country Life expectancy at birth (years) Expected years of schooling Sierra Leone 53 9.8 Brazil 76 15.0 (ii) Draw a best fit line on Figure 2a. (1) (iii) Describe the relationship shown in Figure 2a. Use data in your answer. 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(iv) Suggest two reasons for the differences in life expectancy shown in Figure 2a. Use data in your answer. (4) 1 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... *P70843RA0924* Turn over 9  (v) Figure 2a shows two measures used in the calculation of the HDI. Identify one other measure used to calculate the HDI. (1) A Infant mortality rate B Number of doctors per 1,000 people C Literacy rate D Gross National Income per capita (b) Explain one historical factor that has led to variations in levels of development within the UK. 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(c) Changes have been taking place in the economic sectors of developing and emerging countries. Study Figure 2b in the Resource Booklet. (i) Identify the economic sector shown in Figure 2b. (1) A Primary B Secondary C Tertiary D Quaternary *P70843RA01024* 10  (ii) The growth of this economic sector has increased the average earnings of the people in India. State one other possible positive impact of the growth of this sector for people in India. (1) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (iii) The starting salary for the workers in Figure 2b is 260,000 Indian Rupees per year. 1 Indian Rupee (₹) = 0.012 British Pounds (£) Calculate the starting salary for these workers in British Pounds (£). (1) £............................... per year (d) Describe how one geopolitical relationship has affected the development of a named developing country or emerging country. (3) Named developing or emerging country .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... *P70843RA01124* Turn over 11  (e) Explain two negative environmental impacts of rapid development. 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(f) You have studied development in either a developing country or an emerging country. Assess the importance of different factors that have led to uneven development within this country. 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(Total for Question 2 = 30 marks) TOTAL FOR SECTION B = 30 MARKS *P70843RA01324* Turn over 13  Do not answer Section C if you have answered Section B. SECTION C Resource Management If you answer Section C put a cross in the box . Answer all parts of Question 3. Write your answers in the spaces provided. Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross . 3 People obtain natural resources, such as fossil fuels, from the environment. (a) Identify two fossil fuels. (2) A Coal B Diamonds C Uranium D Oil E Gold (b) Name one biotic and one abio [Show More]

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