PATH 370 - Final Exam Practice Questions ALL SOLUTION 100% SOLUTION SPRING FALL-2023/24 EDITION GUARANTEED GRADE A+

The cellular response indicative of injury due to faulty metabolism is Hydropic swelling Lactate production Metaplasia Intracellular accumulations intracellular accumulation After surgery to remove a lung tumor ...

The cellular response indicative of injury due to faulty metabolism is Hydropic swelling Lactate production Metaplasia Intracellular accumulations intracellular accumulation After surgery to remove a lung tumor, your patient is scheduled for chemotherapy, which will Selectively kill tumor cells Stimulate immune cells to fight the cancer Have minimal side effects Kill rapidly dividing cells kill rapidly dividing cells All these cellular responses are potentially reversible except Necrosis Metaplasia Atrophy Hyperplasia Necrosis A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an example of Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention Disease treatment primary prevention Which is not normally secreted in response to stress? Norepinephrine Cortisol Epinephrine Insulin insulin A disease that is native to a particular region is called Epidemic Endemic Pandemic Ethnographic Endemic Cancer grading is based on Tumor size Local invasion Cell differentiation Metastasis cell differentiation Your patient is scheduled for a staging procedure. She wants to know what that means. The correct response is which of the following? It is a procedure for determining the extent of tumor spread It is a histologic examination of tissues to determine the degree of tumor differentiation Is based on exploratory surgery It is biochemical testing of tumor cells to determine the genetic basis of the tumor It is a procedure for determining the extent of tumor spread The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well established, is referred to as Latent Subclinical Prodromal Convalescence subclinical After bronchoscopy and histologic examination of a suspected tumor, your patient is diagnosed with primary bronchial carcinoma. Thus, the tumor Is benign Is malignant Is secondary to cancer elsewhere in the body Has spread Is malignant Tumor markers (Select all that apply.) a. are found only in the blood. b. are produced by normal cells. c. help determine cancer origin. d. help identify progression of cancer. e. include prostatic-specific antigen. ANS: B, C, D, E Tumor markers are substances associated with tumor cells that may be helpful in identifying their tissue of origin and progression and proliferation of cancer cells. Most tumor markers are not very specific for cancer since normal cells in the tissue of origin also produce them. Tumor markers include prostatic-specific antigen. Some tumor cell markers are released into the circulation, but others must be identified through biopsy of metastatic tissue. Deficits in immune system function occur in cancer as a result of (Select all that apply.) a. chemotherapy. b. cancer cells. c. cancer metastasis to bone marrow. d. immunotherapy. e. malnutrition. ANS: A, B, C, E Cancer cells secrete substances that suppress the immune system. Bone marrow suppression may be because of invasion of blood-forming cells in the bone marrow, poor nutrition, and chemotherapeutic agents. By contrast, immunotherapy is a method of harnessing the immune system in the treatment of cancer. The cellular change that is considered preneoplastic is Anaplasia Dysplasia Metaplasia Hyperplasia dysplasia Apoptosis is the process of Atrophy Death Proliferation Mutation Death After suffering a heart attack, a middle aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol lowering medication. This is an example of Primary prevention Secondary Tertiary Disease treatment Tertiary prevention Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and are mediated by Norepinephrine Cortisol Glucagon ACTH norepinephrine Selye's three phases of the stress response include all of the following except Allostasis Resistance Alarm Exhaustion Allostasis Side effect of chemotherapy include (select all that apply) Anemia Nausea Leukocytosis Bleeding Infection Anemia Nausea Bleeding Infection A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium intake. This is an example of Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention Disease treatment Secondary prevention Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces _____ necrosis. Coagulative Caseous Liquefactive Fat Liquefactive 3 year old boy who exhibits prolonged bleeding after minor trauma and a prolonged aPTT, nut a normal platelet count, is likely to be diagnosed with Hemophilia Liver dysfunction Disseminated intravascular coagulation Thrombocytopenia Hemophilia Dysfunction of which organ would lead to clotting factor deficiency? Liver Kidney Spleen Pancreas Liver A low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) are characteristic of which type of anemia? Vitamin b12 deficiency Folate deficiency Iron deficiency Erythropoietin deficiency Iron deficiency The principle Ig mediator of type 1 hypersensitivity reactions is IgA IgG IgM IgE IgE Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as Carboxyhemoglobin Bicarbonate ion Dissolved carbon dioxide Carbonic acid Bicarbonate ion The Philadelphia chromosome is a balanced chromosome translocation that forms a new gene called Bcr-abl Rob p53 ARA-c Bcr-abl Which form of leukemia demonstrates the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome? CML (chronic myeloid leukemia) Risk factors for atherosclerosis include Female gender Hyperlipidemia High protein diet Low fiber diet Hyperlipidemia Regarding iron deficiency anemia, what laboratory features are typically decreased? (Select all that apply) MCV MCH MCHC WBC Thrombocytes MCV MCH MCHC What is necessary for a red blood cell production Phosphate Iron Magnesium Calcium Iron A child with a history of recent strep throat infection develops glomerulonephritis. This is most likely a type _____ hypersensitivity reaction. I II III IV III The primary functions of the circulatory system are (select all that apply) Transport oxygen Transport nutrients Remove metabolic waste Reabsorb leaking fluid Return leukocytes to the circulation Transport oxygen Transport nutrients Remove metabolic waste A patient is diagnosed with CML. The patient may experience which of these symptoms (select all that apply) Fatigue Weight loss Abdominal discomfort Joint pain Sweats Fatigue Weight loss Abdominal discomfort Sweats Which group of clinical findings describes the typical presentation of ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)? Pain in long bones, infection, fever, bruising Vertebral fracture, hypercalcemia, bone pain Elevated wbc count found on routine exam, asymptomatic Painless enlarged cervical lymph node, fever, weight loss Pain in long bones, infection, fever, bruising Patients with immunodeficiency disorders are usually first identified because they Run high fevers Have unusually high wbc counts Develop brain infections Develop recurrent infections develop recurrent infections Widespread activation of the clotting cascade secondary to massive trauma is called Hemophilia B Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) Hageman disease Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) What laboratory finding is usually found in aplastic anemia Leukocytosis Thrombocytopenia Neutrophilia Pancytopenia Pancytopenia The prothrombin time (PT) and INR (international normalized ratio) measures the integrity of Platelet function Extrinsic pathway Intrinsic pathway Fibrinolysis Extrinsic pathway Peripheral edema is a result of Arterial insufficiency Venous thrombosis Hypertension Atherosclerosis Venous thrombosis A cause of thrombocytopenia includes Hypoxemia Reduced erythropoietin Chemotherapy Secondary polycythemia chemotherapy Metaplasia is replacement of one differentiated cell type with another The cellular change that is considered preneoplastic is dysplasia. Which is not normally secreted in response to stress? insulin After bronchoscopy and histologic examination of a suspected tumor, your patient is diagnosed with primary bronchial carcinoma. Thus, the tumor is malignant Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and are mediated by norepinephrine An increase in organ size and function due to increased workload is termed hypertrophy Tumor markers (Select all that apply.) a. are found only in the blood. b. are produced by normal cells. c. help determine cancer origin. d. help identify progression of cancer. e. include prostatic-specific antigen. B, C, D, E CONTINUED...