ASTRONOMY 7n_Exam_2 - University of Phoenix. Contains 120 Q&A

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ASTRONOMY 7n_Exam_2 - University of Phoenix. Contains 120 Q&A 1. A high-luminosity star… 2. If a red giant appears the same brightness as a red main-sequence star, which one is farther away? ... 3. The heaviest nuclei of all are formed… 4. Fill in the blank in the following chemical reaction that occurs in the Sun: Hydrogen-2 + proton = _____ + energy: 5. Which of the following has the smallest radius? 6. Why does the main sequence part of a star’s life end? 7. Which of the following will have the shortest lifetime on the main sequence? 8. Many of the brightest 100 stars viewed from Earth are not on the main sequence (even though most stars are) because … 9. A 2-solar-mass main-sequence star is at the same distance as a 0.2-solar-mass mainsequence star. Which star appears brighter? 10. The temperature of the photosphere of the Sun is closest to… 11. An estimate of the number of communicating/technological civilizations that we expect in our galaxy would be a larger number if… 12. If the sun had twice its mass, then which of these planets would be in its habitable zone? 13. What is the exoplanet’s orbit period, and the percent brightness drop in light, for the case in the image above from the Kepler Exoplanet Transit Hunt activity? 14. How do astronomers measure the temperature of stars? 15. In the inverse square law activity above, what would the wattage of the top lightbulb need to be, such that it appeared as bright as the bottom lightbulb which is a 25-Watt bulb? 16. The largest fraction of nearby stars (e.g., within 100 light years) are… 17. Which of the stars, in the diagram above, is the hottest 18. If they are all formed at the same time, which of the stars in the diagram above will live the longest? 19. The parallax angle of a nearby star is measured to be 0.02 arcseconds. What is the distance to the star? 20. Which of the following is the sequence of events for a 40-solar mass star (one of the most-massive stars)? 21. Star A is 9 times as luminous as Star B. the two stars appear the same brightness. What is true about their distances? 22. In the p-p chain, shown in the above diagram, what particles must be input in order to produce one 4He nucleus? 23. What is the name of the slightly cooler layer of the Sun just outside the photosphere? 24. How does a star move on the H-R diagram during the period of time it is converting hydrogen to helium in its core? 25. If the entire mass of Earth were concentrated in a region the size of a marble, the resulting object would be … 26. Which is the smallest object? 27. A galaxy has an H-alpha emission line observed at a wavelength of 10 percent larger than the rest wavelength of H-alpha. What is the redshift of the galaxy? 28. What is in this image? (right) 29. Which is the most luminous? 30. Which contains the most stars? 31. Galaxy A appears twice the angular size of Galaxy B. Assuming the two galaxies have the same physical size in kiloparsecs, which of the following is true? 32. What fundamental particles make up a Helium-3 atom? 33. In what box does the galaxy in the bottom center belong in this Hubble tuning fork diagram? 34. Which statement is FALSE? 35. Which statement is TRUE? 36. How tiny a spot is the Hubble Deep Field? 37. Among the choices, what is the last thing that happens in the history of the Universe? 38. If a galaxy had no dark matter, we would observe… 39. How many times bigger is the Local Group of galaxies in which the Milky Way resides than the Milky Way itself? 40. Which one of the following is FALSE? 41. If a galaxy is moving away from us the wavelength of the light it emits will be… 42. The stars in the halo of our Milky Way Galaxy are… 43. The supermassive black hole in the center of the Milky Way has a mass of… 44. In the figure above, how would you calculate the fraction of the mass of the gas in the universe that is in the form of Helium? 45. Which force has the photon as its boson? 46. Which mysterious phenomena do scientists attribute to dark energy? 47. Why can we NOT see back the whole way the time Big Bang expansion began? 48. What are the “standard candles” that were used to determine the Universe is accelerating? 49. An older star cluster… 50. Which of the following statements is TRUE? 1. What is the general result of the proton-proton chain? This study source was downloaded by 100000858468549 from CourseHero.com on 04-21-2023 17:22:48 GMT -05:00 2. The corona of the sun… 3. In the convective zone of the sun… 4. One star is four times farther away than another. The parallax angle of the more distant star is: 5. Star A is 4 times as luminous as star B. which star appears brighter and by how much? 6. An “onion skin” burning structure, which elements up to iron being produced, develops in: 7. When using different points in the Earth’s orbit as a baseline for a parallax experiment it is best to do the observations how far apart? 8. What is at the center of a planetary nebula? 9. Put one of your thumbs at arm’s length in front of your face. Now focus on something in the background and look through one eye at a time. What do you notice about your thumb? 10. What does not happen when an object approaches a black hole? 11. The parallax angle for the star Hadar is 0.010 arc seconds. How far away is Hadar? 12. How do solar sized and smaller stars die? About how large are their remnants? 13. How do you measure the mass of a black hole? 14. What part of the sun do we typically see? 15. In nuclear fusion, energy is produced because… 16. After doubling the distance from the light source, the bottom detector’s readout _____, to about _____ the top detector’s value 17. How’d that go again? Gravitational acceleration is… 18. You measure the parallax angle of a star to be 0.05 arc seconds. How far away is it? 19. Luminosity refers to ____, whereas brightness refers to ____ This study source was downloaded by 100000858468549 from CourseHero.com on 04-21-2023 17:22:48 GMT -05:00 20. Star “A” is three times further away from the sun than star “B”. the parallax angle of star “B” is… 21. When using different points in the Earth’s orbit as a baseline for a parallax experiment it is best to do the observations: 22. The size of the parallax angle… 23. How far out would you need to move the bottom detector, next to a 100 W bulb, to read the same as the top one at R=1 by the 25 W bulb? 24. On tripling the distance from the light source, the bottom detector’s readout ____, to about ____ the top detector’s value 25. With a measured parallax angle of 0.747 arc seconds, how far away is Alpha Centauri? 26. What factor is not in the Drake equation? 27. What is the main requirement for a habitable zone? 28. A star that is 75 percent the mass of our sun would have a habitable zone that: 29. A star that is twice the mass of our sun would have a habitable zone that: 30. Star A is 4 times as luminous as star B. Star A is 2 times as far away as star B. which star appears brighter and by how much? 31. What does the Drake equation estimate? 1. What are the differences between open star clusters and globular clusters? 2. Which is FALSE? 3. What kind of cloud can collapse and form stars? 4. What is the mass of the black hole at the center of the Milky Way? 5. Why do stars in the halo of the galaxy have almost no heavy elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen? 6. What does our Galaxy look like? 7. Where are open clusters found? 8. Which of the following is FALSE? 9. How do you measure the mass of a supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way? 10. In the symbol for the Hubble type of a galaxy, SBc the “B” denotes 11. About how long does light take to cross the Milky Way Galaxy? 12. What happens to the planets in the galaxy when that galaxy collides with another galaxy? 13. What is a starburst galaxy? 14. Compared to spiral galaxies, elliptical galaxies have 15. What type of galaxy can result from collisions between galaxies? 16. What is the difference between an E0 and an E7 galaxy? 17. In what part of the spectrum are starburst galaxies brightest? 18. Which properties of spiral galaxies allow us to subclassify them as Sa, Sb, or Sc? 19. According to models of galaxy formation, which population of stars formed first? 20. You will see that the Universe is almost 14 billion years old. That means that we see the most distant galaxies as they were when the universe was: 21. What technique for measuring distance can you use to discover Hubble’s Law? 22. What is Hubble’s Law? 23. What parameters do Hubble’s law relate to each other? 24. Which of the following is not true about dark matter? 25. How have astronomers interpreted the unexpectedly fast rotation of galaxies? 26. Where is the center of the universe? 27. How do you measure the speed of a galaxy relative to you? 28. Why do we think there is a lot of dark matter in clusters of galaxies? 29. Which force is responsible for holding the nucleus together via gluons? 30. How many types of fundamental particles exist? 31. How could the universe be accelerating, despite the gravitational pull of all the matter in it? 32. How do we know that the universe’s expansion is speeding up? 33. What kind of particle carries the forces? 34. Which has the events in the right order, from early to late? 35. What happens because of the formation of atoms? 36. How many types of quarks are there, and how many types of antiquarks 37. What forms in nucleosynthesis? 38. What three fundamental particles are you made of? 39. How many up quarks are there in helium-3? 40. What is a quasar? 41. What fundamental particles make up a hydrogen-1 atom? 42. How did conditions differ from the present era when the universe was young? [Show More]

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