GCSE Psychology AQA: Brain and Neuropsychology Latest 2023 Graded A+

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GCSE Psychology AQA: Brain and Neuropsychology Latest 2023 Graded A+ Central nervous system ✔✔The brain is divided into two hemispheres. The brain is where all decision making takes place. Per... ipheral nervous system ✔✔Receives messages form the CNS. Sends messages to the CNS. Messages are sent via neurons. Autonomic nervous system ✔✔Governs automatic functions. For example, breathing and heart rate Somatic nervous system ✔✔Sends information from the brain to muscles. Takes in information form sensory organs. Homeostasis ✔✔Keeping the body in a constant and balanced state. For example levels of carbon dioxide are controlled and body temperature maintained at 37 degrees. An 'automatic' system ✔✔We don't have to consciously direct the ANS Sympathetic nervous system ✔✔Works in opposition to the parasympathetic nervous system. Makes our body prepare for the fight or flight response. Parasympathetic nervous system ✔✔Produces the rest and digest response which returns the body to normal resting state once the threat has gone. Brain detects threat ✔✔The hypothalamus identifies a threatening event. Triggers the sympathetic division of the ANS to act. Release of adrenaline ✔✔The ANS changes from resting state to an aroused state. The stress hormone adrenaline is released from the adrenal glands into the bloodstream Fight or flight response ✔✔Adrenaline targets the cardiovascular system, increasing heart rate and breathing. This prepares the body to confront the threat or provide energy to run away Once the threat has passed ✔✔Parasympathetic division returns body to normal 'rest and digest' state. Digestion and hunger stimulated What are neurons? ✔✔Nerve cells that send electrical signals. There are 100 billion of them in the human body. Types of neurons ✔✔Sensory neurons: PNS to CNS. Long dendrites, short axons Relay neurons: Sensory neurons to motor neurons. Short dendrites, short axons Motor neurons: CNS to muscles and glands. Short dendrites, long axons Structure of neurons ✔✔Cell body: Nucleus with DNA Axon: Carries signals from cell body down the neuron Myelin sheath: Fatty layer acts as insulation Terminal button: End of axon Electrical transmission ✔✔Resting state: Inside has a negative charge When it fires: Changes to a positive charge [Show More]

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