NES Secondary Professional Knowledge Exam Questions and Answers 2023 with complete solution Graded A+

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NES Secondary Professional Knowledge Exam Questions and Answers 2023 with complete solution Graded A+ Theory: What is Erikson's theory? -ANS>> Psychosocial Theory of Development - Individuals ex ... perience internal conflicts at various stages of life (crises) which are resolved through interaction with others Theory: What does Erikson's theory suggest about secondary students? -ANS>> Competence: Industry vs. inferiority (ages 5~12) Fidelity: Identity vs. Role Confusion (ages 13~19) Theory: What can a teacher do to help students based on Erikson's theory? -ANS>> Help students explore identity, beliefs, careers, and responsibilities. Model career choices. Help students find resources to work out personal problems. Give many "second chances" Theory: What is Piaget's theory? -ANS>> Theory of Cognitive Development - Infants are born with sensory and reflexive skills that they use to engage the environment and ultimately construct mental representations of it Theory: What does Piaget's Theory suggest about secondary students? -ANS>> -Concrete Operational (ages 7~11) time, space, and quantity are understood and can be applied but not as independent concepts -Formal Operations (age 11+) theoretical, hypothetical, and counterfactual thinking, abstract logic and reasoning Theory: What can a teacher do to help students based on Piaget's theory? -ANS>> Concrete Operational Student: use props, visual aids, manipulatives, well-organized presentation, use familiar examples Formal Operational Student: continue to use concrete operational teaching, hypothetical questions, scientific reasoning, teach broad concepts not just facts, inwards reflection Theory: What is Vygotsky's Theory? -ANS>> Social Development Theory - children's thought structures develop through interaction with individuals in their environments, informed by the culture in which they live Theory: What does Piaget's Theory suggest about secondary students? -ANS>> Work within students' ZPD Theory: What can a teacher do to help students based on Vygotsky's theory? -ANS>> -Scaffolding -accessibility to tools that support thinking -build on cultural funds of knowledge -utilize dialogue and learning groups Vocabulary: Scaffolding -ANS>> providing sufficient support to promote learning when concepts and skills are being first introduced to students. Might include: -resources -a compelling task -templates and guides -guidance on the development of cognitive and social skills Vocabulary: ZPD -ANS>> The zone of proximal development (ZPD) is the difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can do with help Theory: What is Kohlberg's Theory? -ANS>> Stages of Moral Development - Moral reasoning, the basis for ethical behavior, has six identifiable developmental stages, each more adequate at responding to moral dilemmas than its predecessor Theory: What does Kohlberg's Theory suggest about secondary students? -ANS>> Secondary students will fall somewhere in these levels: -Interpersonal accord and conformity -Authority and social-order maintaining orientation -Social contract orientation Theory: What can a teacher do to help students based on Kohlberg's theory? -ANS>> Help students: examine their dilemmas, see others' perspectives, help students really listen to each other, and ensure your class reflects concern for moral issues and values Development: What 3 areas of development occur in secondary students? -ANS>> 1) Physical/biological 2) Cognitive 3) Socioemotional (including moral) Development: How does development contribute to early adolescent's (10~14) behavior? -ANS>> -adolescents seeking peers with similar values and recognition/attention/status -risky activities emerge -if academic problems become more pronounced then frequent failure leads to less engagement in school activities Development: How can you help failing students and students falling behind? -ANS>> -Suggest and demonstrate effective study strategies -extra academic support for those struggling -provide a regular time and place for them to seek guidance and advice on academic or social matters -provide opportunities for adolescents to make decisions -hold them accountable for their actions and provide appropriate consequences Development: How does development contribute to late adolescent's (14~18) behavior? -ANS>> -associating with "bad" peers -vast differences in interest of educational tracks -students in extracurricular activities tend to stay in school longer -sexual activity and parenting -neighborhoods/ communities with opportunities / local cultures Development: How can you help late adolescents' development? -ANS>> -Communicate caring and respect for all [Show More]

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