NES Secondary Professional Knowledge
Exam (EDITED) Already Passed
Theory: What is Erikson's theory? ✔✔Psychosocial Theory of Development -
Individuals experience internal conflicts at various stages of life (crises) w
...
NES Secondary Professional Knowledge
Exam (EDITED) Already Passed
Theory: What is Erikson's theory? ✔✔Psychosocial Theory of Development -
Individuals experience internal conflicts at various stages of life (crises) which are resolved
through interaction with others
Theory: What does Erikson's theory suggest about secondary students? ✔✔Competence:
Industry vs. inferiority (ages 5~12)
Fidelity: Identity vs. Role Confusion (ages 13~19)
Theory: What can a teacher do to help students based on Erikson's theory? ✔✔Help students
explore identity, beliefs, careers, and responsibilities. Model career choices. Help students find
resources to work out personal problems. Give many "second chances"
Theory: What is Piaget's theory? ✔✔Theory of Cognitive Development -
Infants are born with sensory and reflexive skills that they use to engage the environment and
ultimately construct mental representations of it
Theory: What does Piaget's Theory suggest about secondary students? ✔✔-Concrete Operational
(ages 7~11) time, space, and quantity are understood and can be applied but not as independent
concepts
-Formal Operations (age 11+) theoretical, hypothetical, and counterfactual thinking,
abstract logic and reasoning
Theory: What can a teacher do to help students based on Piaget's theory? ✔✔Concrete
Operational Student: use props, visual aids, manipulatives, well-organized presentation, use
familiar examples
Formal Operational Student: continue to use concrete operational teaching, hypothetical
questions, scientific reasoning, teach broad concepts not just facts, inwards reflection
Theory: What is Vygotsky's Theory? ✔✔Social Development Theory - children's thought
structures develop through interaction with individuals in their environments, informed by the
culture in which they live
Theory: What does Piaget's Theory suggest about secondary students? ✔✔Work within students'
ZPD
Theory: What can a teacher do to help students based on Vygotsky's theory? ✔✔-Scaffolding
-accessibility to tools that support thinking
-build on cultural funds of knowledge
-utilize dialogue and learning groups
Vocabulary: Scaffolding ✔✔providing sufficient support to promote learning when concepts and
skills are being first introduced to students.
Might include:
-resources
-a compelling task
-templates and guides
-guidance on the development of cognitive and social sk
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