NES Professional Knowledge Elementary Education Already Passed

NES Professional Knowledge Elementary Education Already Passed Metacognition ✔✔awareness and understanding of ones own thought process Criterion-Referenced Test ✔✔Individual's performance is measured against mastery o ...

NES Professional Knowledge Elementary Education Already Passed Metacognition ✔✔awareness and understanding of ones own thought process Criterion-Referenced Test ✔✔Individual's performance is measured against mastery of curriculum criteria rather than other students (Often tests/quizzes are made by the teacher) Norm-Referenced Test ✔✔report whether test takers performed better or worse than an average student Constructivism (Piaget) ✔✔Students are actively involved in the process of meaning and knowledge construction. Spiral Curriculum (Bruner) ✔✔Students see the same topics every year, with each encounter increasing in complexity and reinforcing previous learning Diagnostic Assessment ✔✔A pretest that assesses what a student's baseline content knowledge is. Summative Assessment ✔✔midterm or final, a test for high points that culminates all that has been taught in a unit. Formative Assessment ✔✔given within a topic to check where students are struggling and reinforce retainment. Aptitude Assessment ✔✔measures a student's ability to learn a skill Hollistic Scoring ✔✔Evaluate writing for overall quality ESSA-Every Student Succeeds Act ✔✔ensures opportunity for all students and requires accountability through standardized testing. Zone of Proximal Development (Vygotsky) ✔✔Instruction based on levels of performance 1) what a child can do alone 2) ZPD-what a child can do with scaffolding 3) what a child cannot do yet Operant Conditioning ✔✔strengthening a specific behavior through the use of rewards and punishments Classical Conditioning ✔✔a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone. Hierarchy of Needs (Maslow) ✔✔Basic - psychological and safety Psychological - belongingness, love, and esteem Self-Fullfillment - self-actualization Stages of Cognitive Development (Piaget) ✔✔Sensorimotor 0-2yrs motor skillls Preoperational 2-7yrs symbolic thinking Concrete Operational 7-11yrs concepts to real Formal Operational 11+yrs -theoretical concepts Social Learning Theory (Bandura) ✔✔people learn behaviors by observing others Schema Theory (Schmidt) ✔✔all knowledge is organized into units of stored information Inductive vs Deductive Reasoning ✔✔Inductive: Developing generalizations from specific observations Deductive: Developing specific predictions from general principles What does a Constructivist Classroom contain? ✔✔The teacher is the facilitator of learning and students are the makers of the learning/meaning Improving self-motivation for students occurs by... ✔✔providing engaging learning activities that meet student identified learning objectives. Allow goal setting and provide only positive feedback Cognitive Domain of Learning ✔✔Mental skills and knowledge (One of the three domains of educational learning / Bloom's Taxonomy) Affective Domain of Learning ✔✔Feelings, values, and appreciation (One of the three domains of educational learning / Bloom's Taxonomy) Psychomotor Domain of Learning ✔✔Physical or manual skills (One of the three domains of educational learning / Bloom's Taxonomy) moral domain theory ✔✔children distinguish between the domains of social conventional reasoning and moral reasoning Stages of Moral Development (Kohlberg) ✔✔Pre-conventional; 1) Obedience and punishment "How can I avoid punishment?"; 2) Self-interest orientation "What's in it for me?" Conventional; 3) Interpersonal accord and conformity "Social norms"; 4) Authority and social-order maintaining orientation "Law and order mentality" Post- conventional; 5) Social contract orientation; 6) Universal ethical principles "Principled conscience" Connectionism (Thorndike) ✔✔Laws of Learning-readiness, exercise, effect developed classical and operant conditioning What is the last mastered skill for an ELL? ✔✔academic language What is the purpose of an essential question? ✔✔to establish learning goals. High Standard Deviation ✔✔This means that the students' abilities and skills are diverse. (lowmed-high) teachers should use this data as a sign to differentiate instruction to meet all student needs analytical scoring ✔✔A scoring procedure in which a student's work is evaluated for selected characteristics, with EACH CHARACTERISTIC receiving a separate score Percentile ✔✔the percentage of cases in a distribution that lie below it- 85th percentile scored better than 85% of those who took the assessment Due Process Hearing ✔✔a formal legal procedure used to solve disagreements concerning the education of students in special education, there's an impartial hearing officer who makes decisions which are binding about issues at hand ASVAB is a . . ✔✔aptitude assessment ACT is a . . . ✔✔achievement test Woodcock Johnson is a . . ✔✔cognitive ability test CogAT is a . . ✔✔cognitive ability test A learning contract is used by a teacher when. . ✔✔an individual assignment is given. for a oneon-one agreement between teacher and student. ISTE ✔✔International Society for Technology in Education is a resource for integrating tech into teaching and Professional Developments Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales ✔✔assesses adaptive functioning (daily living skills, social skills, everyday functioning) Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test ✔✔A test examining verbal intelligence, receptive understanding, and language disorders Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development ✔✔standardized test of infants' and toddlers' mental and motor development Ravens Test of Progressive Matrices ✔✔nonverbal group test typically used in Education and abstract reasoning to nonverbally estimate fluid intelligence Leiter International Performance Scale ✔✔an intelligence test in the form of a strict performance scale. It was designed for children and adolescents ages 2 to 18 provides nonverbal measure of intelligence UNIT (Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test) ✔✔designed for children and adolescents 5-18 years and is a useful alternative to traditional measures involving verbal and language material. Wechsler Tests defined ✔✔WPPSI 2-7yrs Preschool+Primary WAIS 16-90yrs Adult Intelligence WIAT indiv. achievement test WISC 6-16yrs Intelligence scale for children What laws require schools receive funds to provide students with eligible disabilities a free/appropriate public education? ✔✔Section 504 and IDEA Robert Rosenthal ✔✔studied experimenter bias, a researcher's unintended influence on the behavior of subjects. Teachers were told random kids would be smarter, two years later, they tested smarter because the teachers were giving them more attention. Behaviorism (Watson) ✔✔belief that a child's environment is the factor that shapes their behaviors. changes in behavior can be proven only if they are observable and measurable How many points lower on an IQ test would indicate possible delayed/atypical intellectual development in a child? ✔✔2 standard deviations below the mean Bloom's Taxonomy ✔✔Taxonomy of six cognitive processes, varying in complexity, that lessons might be designed to foster. Remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, creating Thematic Instruction ✔✔An instructional method of teaching in which emphasis is placed on choosing a specific theme for teaching one or many concepts. takes place when different disciplines are all centered towards one definite concept ABCD Method - for writing Objectives ✔✔Audience, Behavior, Conditions, Degree of Mastery Scaffolding ✔✔temporary support teachers provide to enable students to accomplish tasks so that they may be able to take back their responsibility for their learning Intrinsic Motivation vs Extrinsic Motivation ✔✔Intrinsic: working on a task for your own satisfaction Extrinsic: working on a task to gain something from someone else/receive a reward Clock Focus Strategy ✔✔use of a prearranged cue for a student who is restless/off-task to be able to stand and watch the second-hand on a clock for a full minute to regain their focus. What is the best design for a uniform transition between activities to keep students on task? ✔✔chaining several mini-rountines together and modeling expectations Standard Transitions ✔✔teachers must model, teach, and practice uniform transitions with students. How often are Teacher Performance Appraisals conducted? ✔✔annually Labor Union Examples ✔✔The National Education Association The American Federation of Teachers Stages of Psychosocial Development (Erikson) ✔✔Trust vs. Mistrust 0-2 years, Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt 2-4 years, Initiative vs. Guilt 4-6 years, Industry vs. Inferiority 6-12 years, Identity vs. Role Confusion 12-22 years, Intimacy vs. Isolation 22-34 years, Generativity vs. Stagnation 34-60 years, Integrity vs. Despair 60+ years Experiential Education (Dewey) ✔✔educators provide quality educational experiences that would influence students' future decisions Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) ✔✔protects privacy of student records Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) ✔✔ensures students with a disability are provided a free, appropriate public education that is tailored to their needs (4 parts, includes LRE) McKinney-Vento Education Act ✔✔authorizes the federal education for homeless children and youth