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Respiratory Exam Fall A and B, Questions And Answers, with Rationale

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Respiratory Exam Fall A and B, Questions And Answers, with Rationale.Which factors are considered to be direct causes of lung cancer? Select all that apply. Smoking Chewing tobacco Genetic mutation ... Bronchial asthma Coal dust inhalation High levels of pollution Rationale Coal dust, smoking, and high levels of pollution contribute to lung cancer. These carcinogens cause the development of mutations that alter the epithelial cells. Chewing tobacco is a precursor to oral cancer, not lung cancer. Bronchial asthma is a medical condition not associated with lung cancer, and genetic mutations are a predisposition for cancer overall, not specifically lung cancer. p. 514 After assessing a patient with non-small cell lung cancer, the nurse finds that the patient has airway stenting. What outcome does the nurse expect for the patient after this treatment? The patient will have a clear airway due to destruction of tumor. The patient will have a decreased incidence of cerebral metastasis. The patient will have a delay in extension of the tumor in the airway lumen. The patient will have a reduced production of the kinase protein produced by the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene. Rationale :Airway stenting helps protect the airway wall against collapse or external compression, thereby delaying the extension of tumor into the airway lumen. The targeted therapy with crizotinib, a kinase inhibitor, helps reduce production of kinase protein produced by the ALK gene. Bronchoscopic laser therapy destroys tumor cells and causes thermal necrosis and shrinkage, which will clear the airway. Prophylactic radiation is a radiation therapy, which reduces the risk of cerebral metastasis in patients with lung cancer after receiving chemotherapy.p. 517 The nurse is caring for a patient with respiratory failure. What information should the nurse include when explaining the disease condition to the family members? Select all that apply. Respiratory failure is inevitable after cardiac failure. Respiratory failure is categorized as hypoxemic or hypercapnic. Respiratory failure is insufficient oxygen transfer into the blood. Respiratory failure is inadequate carbon dioxide removal from the lungs. Respiratory failure is a disease that presents with various respiratory symptoms. Rationale Respiratory failure is classified as hypoxemic or hypercapnic. Respiratory failure results when gas exchanging functions are inadequate, i.e., insufficient oxygen is transferred to the blood or inadequate carbon dioxide is removed from the lungs. Although respiratory failure may be secondary to cardiac failure, not all cases of respiratory failure are secondary to cardiac failure. Respiratory failure is not a disease but a symptom of an underlying pathologic condition affecting lung function, oxygen delivery, cardiac output, or the baseline metabolic state.p. 1609 The nurse is caring for a patient who is being mechanically ventilated due to respiratory failure. For what complications should the nurse closely monitor? Select all that apply. Barotrauma Volutrauma Hypoxemia Renal failure Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) [Show More]

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