RNR 200-Exam 1|48 Questions with Answers,100% CORRECT

RNR 200-Exam 1|48 Questions with Answers "Protecting the Environment" view? - CORRECT ANSWER -Long history of setting aside land to protect flora & fauna (e.g., Europe, China, India, Romans, Aztecs, Incas) § Was ...

RNR 200-Exam 1|48 Questions with Answers "Protecting the Environment" view? - CORRECT ANSWER -Long history of setting aside land to protect flora & fauna (e.g., Europe, China, India, Romans, Aztecs, Incas) § Was this "conservation" ? • Religion or appeasement • For enjoyment of the ruling class Was the "protecting the environment" perspective actual conservation? - CORRECT ANSWER no it was for religion or appeasement for enjoyment of ruling class what are three research programs from school of natural resources? - CORRECT ANSWER • Ecohydrology - Water Resource Management • Wildfire and Landscape Restoration • Wildlife and Fisheries Conservation & Management Who said: "The conservation of natural resources is the fundamental problem. Unless we solve that problem, it will avail us little to solve all others." - CORRECT ANSWER Teddy Rooselvelt What challenges do we face in Arizona? - CORRECT ANSWER Fires Dust Bowl Drought Invasive Plants: Buffelgrass population growth changing landscapes biodiversity vs. human needs Development vs Endangered Fragmented Landscapes adapting to climate change what is the projected climate change for tucson? - CORRECT ANSWER 25 more days over 110F a year What is the concept of 'Civilization'? - CORRECT ANSWER -"Progress" dependent on control and modification of the environment -removal of impediments to progress justified • Clear land of trees • Eliminate dangerous and pesky animals & native peoples • Dams • Canals to route water § Agents of "progress": science and technology (guns, saws, barbed wire, engines, bulldozers, etc.) Capitalism and Free Enterprise System perspective? - CORRECT ANSWER § The New World: a huge, new marketplace § Nature: a community to which we belong (use what we need) vs. a commodity from which we can profit and gain wealth (exploit)? § Nature (e.g., land): can be bought and sold What is the concept of colonization? - CORRECT ANSWER Often motivated by quest for natural resources § Often disrupted traditional systems of natural resource use (guns, germs, steel) § Discovery of the New World - seemingly unlimited natural resources: - Rivers - Lakes - Forests - Waterfowl - Fur-bearing animals - Mammals - Land preservation perspective on environment? - CORRECT ANSWER Allow some land and its creatures to exist without significant human influence § Extreme vs. mainstream? § What species? § How much land? § In what configuration? § Landscape Ecology (fragmentation, corridors) Environmental science perspective? - CORRECT ANSWER § Pollution, contamination § Waste disposal, clean-up diff. b/w environmental science and conservationists? - CORRECT ANSWER environmental science focuses on urban/suburban settings conservationists traditionally emphasize rural area and wildlands ecology perspective? - CORRECT ANSWER Basic science dealing with relationships between organisms and their environment The science that underlies environmental science, conservation, preservation, & resource management different areas of ecology? - CORRECT ANSWER § Aquatic vs. terrestrial § Biotic vs. abiotic § Plant vs. animal vs. microbial § Physiological ecology vs. population ecology vs. community ecology vs. landscape ecology, etc Ecosystem Science? - CORRECT ANSWER Ecologists who view ecological systems from perspective of energy flow and nutrient cycling § Plants-animals-soils-atmosphere as integrated system § Emphasis on "trophic levels", "functional groups" and "guilds" rather than species (e.g. primary producers, carnivores, decomposers) § Quantify movement of water, carbon, nitrogen, etc. Are environmentalists also ecologists? Are ecologists also environmentalists? - CORRECT ANSWER Environmentalists are often NOT trained ecologists (socially, politically, or legislatively motivated) Applied Science? Examples? - CORRECT ANSWER Applying knowledge from one or more basic scientific fields to practical problems biology, chemistry, physics, earth science Applied sciences based primarily on ecology? - CORRECT ANSWER Wildlife & Fisheries Management Forest Management Rangeland Management Conservation Biology? - CORRECT ANSWER recognition of importance of biological diversity • Beyond charismatic rare/endangered species • Beyond game and fur-bearing species • Beyond livestock and timber production Emphasizes intrinsic value of all forms of life, not just those with known economic value or charismatic appeal Recognized threats posed by invasive, exotic species environmental ethics? - CORRECT ANSWER § moral relationship of human beings to the environment and its nonhuman contents § value of the 'environment' Founder and principles of resource conservation ethic? - CORRECT ANSWER Gifford Pinchot Progressive Democracy: NRs provide greatest good to greatest number for longest time § Distribute natural resources fairly & efficiently; don't let them be concentrated in hands of a few § Judicious use so future generations not shortchanged § NR owned or regulated by government (scientific expertise, minimize greed factor) founder and principles of preservation ethic? - CORRECT ANSWER John Muir Strongly influenced byRomantic-Transcendental writers (Emerson, Thoreau) § Intrinsic beauty of nature; nature as a temple § Best used as source of spiritual renewal; don't defile by logging, grazing, etc. Similarities b/w Preservation Ethic & Conservation Ethic? - CORRECT ANSWER • Both had anthropocentric view of nature • Both wrote of nature's utility- Muir valued nature as a source of spiritual enlightenment-Pinchot valued nature as a source of commodities • Neither placed intrinsic value on nature, value independent of its usefulness founder and principles of land ethic? - CORRECT ANSWER Aldo Leopold Questioned prevailing utilitarian views; believed health and stability of environment was desirable in and of itself § Ecosystem perspective: each species is component of complex ecological system and product of a long evolutionary history • first rule of intelligent tinkering § Humans: citizen-members of a biotic community § Stewardship or husbandry: responsibility for taking good care of the resources entrusted to one § Suggested the expansion of ethics to include nonhuman members of the biotic community § The land ethic simply enlarges the boundaries of the community to include soils, waters, plants, and animals, or collectively: the land Reconciliation Ecology? - CORRECT ANSWER A relatively new discipline - Can we design and manage habitats for productive human use and maintenance of ecosystem structure, function and processes? ecology is the study of? - CORRECT ANSWER § Structure & function of ecosystems § Distribution & abundance of organisms § Organisms in relation to environment § The biology of ecosystems fields of study in ecology? - CORRECT ANSWER climatology:prevailing, long-term weather conditions of a REGION geology meteorology botany genetics What is an "ECOSYSTEM"? - CORRECT ANSWER § A biological environment consisting of all the organisms living in a particular area, as well as all the abiotic physical components of the environment what are abiotic components of an ecosystem? - CORRECT ANSWER sunlight, temp., precipitation, water or moisture, soil and water chemistry what are biotic components of ecosystem? - CORRECT ANSWER primary producers, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores what is ethology? - CORRECT ANSWER study of animal behavior What is LTER? - CORRECT ANSWER A National Science Foundation program supporting Long Term Ecological Research pedology refers to...? - CORRECT ANSWER The study of soils and soil formation ecosystem science? - CORRECT ANSWER The study of interactions between organisms and their physical environment as an integrated system The study of the flow of energy and materials through organisms and the physical environment what did leopold say about soil? - CORRECT ANSWER "Land then is not merely soil; it is a fountain of energy flowing through a circuit of soils, plants and animals." what is a biome? - CORRECT ANSWER regional ecosystem characterized by distinctive plant formations, climates & animals what is biosphere? - CORRECT ANSWER all the ecosystems of the earth characteristics of ecosystems? - CORRECT ANSWER boundaries size and shape open vs. closed homeostasiss stability emergent properties homeostasis? - CORRECT ANSWER Maintenance of a uniformity in function - of an organism - of interactions among organisms - of interactions among organisms and their environment e.x: temp regulation: burn fat, behavior mod., shivering what is stability in ecosystem? - CORRECT ANSWER How much stress/strain can system tolerate before changing? • Once changed, how fast will it 'bounce back' and recover? • How far can we push a system before it won't 'bounce back'? what are emergent properties in ecosystem? - CORRECT ANSWER WHOLE GREATER THAN SUM OF PARTS - can't see the forest for the trees • SYNERGISM-H2O-Automobile • NON-REDUCIBLE PROPERTIES what is a watershed manager? - CORRECT ANSWER -land management professional that influences how land and other resources are used on a watershed in order to meet social goals without adversely affecting the soil and water resources -work at the Hillslope, Watershed and Stream Corridor Scales. what is a watershed? - CORRECT ANSWER A topographically defined area Management unit Ecosystem some characteristics of southwestern watersheds? - CORRECT ANSWER Arid to Semiarid Climate - Ephemeral streams High Consumptive Use of Water - 80-90% Agriculture Water Supply of Greater Interest Than Water Quality Population Increasing - Highest growth rates in the country water quality problems in arizona? - CORRECT ANSWER Heavy Metals Nutrients Organics Sediment Integrated Watershed Management(IWM)? - CORRECT ANSWER comprehensive multi-resource management process, involving all stakeholders within the watershed, who together as a group, cooperatively work toward identifying the watershed's resource issues and concerns What does IWN address? - CORRECT ANSWER Water Supply - The Primary Driver in Built Arid Environments Flood Control Water Quality Biological Resources (Natural and Landscaping) Sustainable Communities (Greenness) Social/Economic Issues Practices of watershed management? - CORRECT ANSWER structural (engineering approach) non-structural (resource management approach) monitoring assessment