NR 150 Exam 2|218 Questions with Answers 2023,100% CORRECT

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NR 150 Exam 2|218 Questions with Answers 2023 C. Guyots are pointed seamounts - CORRECT ANSWER Which statement is not correct? A. Guyots are flat-topped seamounts B. Guyots were on e tall eno ... ugh to approach or penetrate the sea surface C. Guyots are pointed seamounts Mineral deposits - CORRECT ANSWER Hydrothermal vents typically form chimneys of... abyssal hill - CORRECT ANSWER Small sediment-covered inactive volcano or intrusion of molten rock less than 200 meters (650 feet) high, thought to be associated with seafloor spreading; punctuate the otherwise flat abyssal plain. abyssal plain - CORRECT ANSWER Flat, cold, sediment-covered ocean floor between the continental rise and the oceanic ridge at a depth of 3,700 to 5,500 meters (12,000 to 18,000 feet); more extensive in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans than in the Pacific. abyssal zone - CORRECT ANSWER The ocean between about 4,000 and 5,000 meters (13,000 and 16,500 feet) deep. bathyal zone - CORRECT ANSWER The ocean between about 200 and 4,000 meters (700 and 13,000 feet) deep. fracture zone - CORRECT ANSWER Area of irregular, seismically inactive topography marking the position of a once-active transform fault. guyot - CORRECT ANSWER A flat-topped, submerged inactive volcano. hadal zone - CORRECT ANSWER The deepest zone of the ocean, below a depth of 5,000 meters (16,500 feet). hydrothermal vent - CORRECT ANSWER A spring of hot, mineral- and gas-rich seawater found on some oceanic ridges in zones of active seafloor spreading. island arc - CORRECT ANSWER Curving chain of volcanic islands and seamounts almost always found paralleling the concave edge of a trench. oceanic ridge - CORRECT ANSWER Young seabed at the active spreading center of an ocean, often unmasked by sediment, bulging above the abyssal plain. The boundary between diverging plates. Often called a mid-ocean ridge, though less than 60% of the length exists at mid-ocean. oceanic zone - CORRECT ANSWER The zone of open water away from shore, past the continental shelf seamount - CORRECT ANSWER A circular or elliptical projection from the seafloor, more than 1 kilometer (0.6 mile) in height, with a relatively steep slope of 20° to 25°. transform fault - CORRECT ANSWER A plane along which rock masses slide horizontally past one another. trench - CORRECT ANSWER An arc-shaped depression in the deep-ocean floor with very steep sides and a flat sediment-filled bottom coinciding with a subduction zone. Most occur in the Pacific. Eratosthenes of Cyrene - CORRECT ANSWER Who is responsible for the first accurate measurement of circumference of the Earth? Vikings - CORRECT ANSWER Which early voyagers were known for their pillaging and looting? The Polynesians - CORRECT ANSWER The Hawaiian Islands were colonized by.... Greeks - CORRECT ANSWER The term "ocean" was derived from the term Okeanos, the name given by the _______ for the Atlantic Ocean. False - CORRECT ANSWER T or F : Longitudal lines run parallel to the equator. Polynesians - CORRECT ANSWER The _____ were great voyagers who colonized many thousands of islands in the Pacific. Commerce - CORRECT ANSWER What was the ultimate goal of sea voyages by the Renaissance Europeans? Charles Wilkes - CORRECT ANSWER Who led an expedition with the goal to disprove the theory that earth was hollow and could be entered through huge holes at either pole? Matthew Maury - CORRECT ANSWER Who is considered the father of physical oceanography? Smithsonian - CORRECT ANSWER The _______ Institution in Washington DC was established in the 19th century and houses many of the specimens and artifacts from early US expeditions. False - CORRECT ANSWER T or F : Captain Cook returned to England after his final expedition in 1779 and recorded a 50-volume set of reports of his scientific findings. Challenger expedition - CORRECT ANSWER Which expedition was the first devoted solely to marine science? The Meteor expedition - CORRECT ANSWER The first scientific expedition to use an echo sounder was.... Nansen - CORRECT ANSWER Who showed that the Arctic Ocean is not a landmass? True - CORRECT ANSWER T or F : Satellites can measure the height of the sea surface from 835 miles above earth True - CORRECT ANSWER T or F : The Glomar Challenger expeditions drilled deep into the seafloor and confirmed evidence for seafloor spreading and plate tectonics. remotely operated vehicles - CORRECT ANSWER ROVs or ______ ______ _______ are robots use underwater to carry out programmed instructions, such as collect samples and manipulate equipment Cartographer - CORRECT ANSWER A person who makes maps and charts. Challenger expedition - CORRECT ANSWER The first wholly scientific oceanographic expedition, 1872-76; named for the steam corvette used in the voyage. chart - CORRECT ANSWER A map that depicts mostly water and the adjoining land areas. Chinese navigators - CORRECT ANSWER Explorers led by Zheng He into the Indian Ocean and around the tip of Africa Columbus - CORRECT ANSWER Italian explorer in the service of Spain who discovered islands in the Caribbean in 1492; although traditionally credited as the discoverer of America, he never actually sighted the North American continent compass - CORRECT ANSWER A instrument for showing direction by means of a magnetic needle swinging freely on a pivot and pointing to a magnetic north Cook - CORRECT ANSWER Officer in the British Royal Navy who led the first European voyages of scientific discovery Darwin - CORRECT ANSWER An English biologist and the codiscoverer (with Alfred Russell Wallace) of evolution by natural selection echo sounder - CORRECT ANSWER A device that reflects sound off the ocean bottom to sense water depth. Its accuracy is affected by the variability of the speed of sound through water. Eratosthenes of Cyrene - CORRECT ANSWER (276-192 b.c.) Greek scholar and librarian at Alexandria who first calculated the circumference of Earth about 230 b.c. latitude - CORRECT ANSWER Regularly spaced imaginary lines on Earth's surface running parallel to the equator Library of Alexandria - CORRECT ANSWER The greatest collection of writings in the ancient world, founded in the third century b.c. at the behest of Alexander the Great; could be considered the first university. longitude - CORRECT ANSWER Regularly spaced imaginary lines on Earth's surface running north and south and converging at the poles Magellan - CORRECT ANSWER Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain who led the first expedition to circumnavigate Earth; killed in the Philippines marine science - CORRECT ANSWER The process (or result) of applying the scientific method to the ocean, its surroundings, and the life-forms within it; also called oceanography or oceanology. Maury - CORRECT ANSWER "Father" of physical oceanography; probably the first person to undertake the systematic study of the ocean as a full-time occupation, and probably the first to understand the global interlocking of currents, windflow, and weather Meteor expedition - CORRECT ANSWER German Atlantic expedition begun in 1925; the first to use an echo sounder and other modern optical and electronic instrumentation. NOAA - CORRECT ANSWER The agency of the US government primarily responsible for oceanic science, service, and stewardship oceanography - CORRECT ANSWER The science of the ocean Polynesians - CORRECT ANSWER Inhabitants of the Pacific Islands that lie within a triangle formed by Hawaii, New Zealand and Easter Island Prince Henry the Navigator - CORRECT ANSWER Established a center at Sagres, Portugal, for the study of marine science and navigation in the mid-1450s. sea power - CORRECT ANSWER The means by which a nation extends its military capacity onto the ocean. sounding - CORRECT ANSWER Measurement of the depth of a body of water. TOPEX/Poseidon - CORRECT ANSWER Joint French-U.S. satellite carrying radars that can determine the height of the sea surface with unprecedented accuracy. Other experiments in this five-year program included sensing water vapor over the ocean, determining the precise location of ocean currents, and determining wind speed and direction. United States Exploring Expedition - CORRECT ANSWER The first U.S. oceanographic research voyage, launched in 1838. Vikings - CORRECT ANSWER Seafaring Scandanavian raiders who ravaged the coasts of Europe around 780-1070 voyaging - CORRECT ANSWER Traveling (usually by sea) with a specific purpose. Covalent bonds - CORRECT ANSWER What are bonds that are formed by the sharing of paired electrons? Hydrogen bonding - CORRECT ANSWER The ______ of water allows individual water molecules to stick together. 105 degrees - CORRECT ANSWER What is the bond angle in liquid water? Heat capacity - CORRECT ANSWER What property of water is responsible for the amount of time it takes for water to boil? Ammonia - CORRECT ANSWER What is the only substance to have a higher heat capacity than liquid water? Temperate oceanic waters - CORRECT ANSWER What has the most annual variation of temperature? Polar oceanic waters - CORRECT ANSWER Which oceanic water is the least saline? Salinity only tropical waters varies due to high precipitation - CORRECT ANSWER What is true about the relationship between latitude and ocean characteristics? True - CORRECT ANSWER T of F : Below 2000 meters of water, salinity and temperature is similar in tropical, temperature, and polar waters. True - CORRECT ANSWER T of F : Over the past 40 years, the tropical ocean has become warmer and saltier, while water in the far north and south has become fresher. False - CORRECT ANSWER T of F : Seawater density increases with increasing salinity and decreasing pressure Polar waters tend to lack thermoclines - CORRECT ANSWER Which is a characteristic of thermoclines? the temperature increases - CORRECT ANSWER The density of water will decrease when... Salinity - CORRECT ANSWER What is the main reason for the stratification in the northern polar waters? Red light waves - CORRECT ANSWER What visible light frequency is almost completely absorbed and converted to heat within the first few meters of the ocean? When light is absorbed, molecules vibrate, and electromagnetic energy is converted to heat - CORRECT ANSWER How does the absorption of light provide heat energy in the ocean? Chloride - CORRECT ANSWER Which of the following constituents of seawater has the longest residence time? 4100 years - CORRECT ANSWER What is the residence time (in years) if water? Flase - CORRECT ANSWER T or F : The salts in the ocean are similar to those of concentrated river water. True - CORRECT ANSWER T or F : NaCl is held together by an ionic bond. Evaporation from the ocean - CORRECT ANSWER What is the main avenue that water takes while moving from ocean to air? Residence time - CORRECT ANSWER What describes the average length of time an atom of an element spends in the ocean? Weathering of crustal rocks - CORRECT ANSWER What is the primary source of sodium ions to the ocean? False - CORRECT ANSWER T or F : Pure water has four colligative properties associated with it. More evaporation - CORRECT ANSWER Why do the central Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and Arabian Sea west of India have higher salinity than other parts of the ocean? More runoff from land - CORRECT ANSWER Why do ocean areas adjacent to Earth's great rivers have lower salinities than the surrounding ocean? True - CORRECT ANSWER T or F : The polar regions have lower salinities than the central Atlantic. Near the surface - CORRECT ANSWER Where in the water column is the oxygen concentration generally the highest? True - CORRECT ANSWER T or F : there is 100x the amount of gaseous oxygen in the atmosphere than there is dissolved oxygen in the ocewn False - CORRECT ANSWER T or F : Carbon dioxide is abundant near the ocean surface due to the photosynthesis activities of plants Polar water masses - CORRECT ANSWER What type of water mass dissolve as a higher concentration of gases? forms carbonic acid - CORRECT ANSWER As carbon dioxide enters the ocean it.... B - CORRECT ANSWER Which of the following statements about pH is NOT true? a. the pH relates to acid-base balance b. a pH of 3 is alkaline, a pH of 10 is acid c. buffers prevent large swings in pH d. as a whole, the pH of the ocean is mildly alkaline Carbon dioxide combines chemically with water to form carbonic acid - CORRECT ANSWER Why can seawater hold many times more carbon dioxide than either nitrogen or oxygen at saturation? carbon dioxide - CORRECT ANSWER The ocean is becoming more acidic as it absorbs additional ________ from the atmosphere the pH levels decrease in these regions - CORRECT ANSWER What happens to pH levels in regions where there is excess carbon dioxide present? absorption - CORRECT ANSWER Conversion of sound or light energy into heat adhesion - CORRECT ANSWER Attachment of water molecules to other substances by hydrogen bonds; wetting aphotic zone - CORRECT ANSWER The dark ocean below the depth to which light can penetrate. atom - CORRECT ANSWER The smallest particle of an element that exhibits the characteristics of that element calorie - CORRECT ANSWER the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius chemical bond - CORRECT ANSWER An energy relationship that holds two atoms together as a result of changes in their electron distributtion cohesion - CORRECT ANSWER Attachment of water molecules to each other by hydrogen bonds compound - CORRECT ANSWER a substance composed of two or more elements in fixed, definite proportions covalent bond - CORRECT ANSWER A chemical bond formed between two atoms by electron sharing deep zone - CORRECT ANSWER The zone of the ocean below the pycnocline, in which there is little additional change of density with increasing depth; contains about 80% of the world's water. degree - CORRECT ANSWER An arbitrary measure of temperature density - CORRECT ANSWER mass per unit volume of a substance, usually expressed as grams per cubic centimeter density curve - CORRECT ANSWER A graph showing the relationship between a fluid's temperature or salinity and its density. electron - CORRECT ANSWER A tiny, negatively charged particle in an atom responsible for chemical bonding element - CORRECT ANSWER A substance composed of identical atoms that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means freezing point - CORRECT ANSWER The temperature at which a solid can begin to form as a liquid is cooled. halocline - CORRECT ANSWER the zone of the ocean in which salinity increases rapidly with depth heat - CORRECT ANSWER A form of energy produced by the random vibration of atoms or molecules heat capacity - CORRECT ANSWER The heat, measure in calories, required to raise 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree C hydrogen bond - CORRECT ANSWER A relatively weak bond formed between a partially positive hydrogen atom and a partially negative oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen atom of an adjacent molecule light - CORRECT ANSWER Electromagnetic radiation propagated as small, nearly massless particles that behave like both a wave and a stream of particles molecule - CORRECT ANSWER A group of atoms held together by chemical bonds; smallest unit of a compound that retains the characteristics of that compound nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER The small, dense, positively charged center of an atom that contains the protons and neutrons photic zone - CORRECT ANSWER The thin film of lighted water at the top of the ocean polar molecule - CORRECT ANSWER A molecule with unbalanced charge; one end of the molecule has a slight negative charge, and the other end has a slight positive charge proton - CORRECT ANSWER A positively charged particle at the center of an atoms pycnocline - CORRECT ANSWER The middle zone of the ocean in which density increases rapidly with depth. Temperature falls and salinity rises in this zone. refraction - CORRECT ANSWER Bending of light or sound waves as they move at an angle other than 90 degrees between media of different optical or acoustical densitites scattering - CORRECT ANSWER The dispersion of sound or light waves when they strike particles suspended in water or air shadow zone - CORRECT ANSWER (1) The wide band at Earth's surface 105° to 143° away from an earthquake in which seismic waves are nearly absent. P waves are absent because they are refracted by Earth's liquid outer core; S waves are absent from this band and the zone immediately opposite the earthquake site because they are absorbed by the outer core. (2) In sonar, the volume of ocean from which sound waves diverge and in which a submarine may hide. side-scan sonar - CORRECT ANSWER A high-resolution sound-imaging system used for geological investigations, archaeological studies, and the location of sunken ships and airplanes. SOFAR layer - CORRECT ANSWER Layer of minimum sound velocity in which sound transmission is unusually efficient for long distances. Sounds leaving this depth tend to be refracted back into it.; usually occurs at mid-latitude depths around 1,200 meters (4,000 feet). sound - CORRECT ANSWER A form of energy transmitted by rapid pressure changes in an elastic medium. state - CORRECT ANSWER An expression of the internal form of matter surface tension - CORRECT ANSWER A property of water resulting from the cohesion of water molecules by hydrogen bonds surface zone - CORRECT ANSWER The upper layer of ocean in which temperature and salinity are relatively constant with depth. Depending on local conditions, may reach to 1,000 meters (3,300 feet) or be absent entirely. Also called the mixed layer. temperature - CORRECT ANSWER The response of a solid, liquid, or gas to the input or removal of heat energy thermal inertia - CORRECT ANSWER Tendency of a substance to resist change in temperature with the gain or loss of heat energy. thermocline - CORRECT ANSWER The zone of the ocean in which temperature decreases rapidly with depth water mass - CORRECT ANSWER A body of water identifiable by its salinity and temperature (and therefore its density) or by its gas content or another indicator. Acid - CORRECT ANSWER A substance that releases a hydrogen ion in solution alkaline - CORRECT ANSWER Basic, a substance that combines with a hydrogen ion in solution base - CORRECT ANSWER a substance that combines with a hydrogen ion in solution buffer - CORRECT ANSWER A group of substances that tends to resist change in the pH of a solution by combining with free ions. chemical equilibrium - CORRECT ANSWER In seawater, the condition in which the proportion and amounts of dissolved salts per unit volume of ocean are nearly constant. chlorinity - CORRECT ANSWER A measure of the content of chloride, bromine, and iodide ions in seawater. diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER the movement-driven by heat-of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration hydrological cycle - CORRECT ANSWER the continuous cycle of water between ocean, atmosphere, and freshwater reservoirs; powered by the sun ion - CORRECT ANSWER a atom (or small group of atoms) that becomes electrically charged by gaining or losing one or more electrons ionic bond - CORRECT ANSWER A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions. mixing time - CORRECT ANSWER The time necessary to mix a substance through the ocean, about 1,600 years. mixture - CORRECT ANSWER a close intermingling of different substances that still retain separate identities pH scale - CORRECT ANSWER A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution precipitate - CORRECT ANSWER (1) a solid substance formed in an aqueous reaction (2) the process by which a solute forms in and falls from a solution; the falling of water or ice from the atmosphere principle of constant proportions - CORRECT ANSWER The proportions of major conservative elements in seawater remain nearly constant, though total salinity may change with location; also called Forchhammer's principle. residence time - CORRECT ANSWER The average length of time a dissolved substance spends in the ocean S - CORRECT ANSWER dimensionless unit expressing salinity on the Practical Salinity Scale salinity - CORRECT ANSWER A measure of the dissolved solids in seawater, usually expressed in grams per kilogram or parts per thousand by weight salinometer - CORRECT ANSWER An electronic device that determines salinity by measuring the electrical conductivity of a seawater sample. saturation - CORRECT ANSWER State of a solution in which no more of the solute will dissolve in the solvent trace element - CORRECT ANSWER A minor constituent of seawater present in amounts of less than 1 part per million. calcareous - CORRECT ANSWER ooze composed mostly of the hard remains of organisms containing calcium carbonate calcium carbonate compensation depth (CCD) - CORRECT ANSWER The depth at which the rate of accumulation of calcareous sediments equals the rate of dissolution of those sediments. Below this depth, sediment contains little or no calcium carbonate. True - CORRECT ANSWER T or F : Earth's atmosphere and ocean are intertwined, their gases and waters freely exchanged False - CORRECT ANSWER T or F : Earth's heat budget is in thermal equilibrium at different latitudes Molecules of water vapor have less mass than the displaced nitrogen and oxygen - CORRECT ANSWER Why is humid air less dense than dry air? expands & cools - CORRECT ANSWER As air rises in the atmosphere, it _____ & _______ Earth's rotation - CORRECT ANSWER What is responsible for the Coriolis Effect? True - CORRECT ANSWER T or F : The Coriolis effect deflects moving objects to the left in the southern hemisphere sinking, compressing, and heating air movements - CORRECT ANSWER The intersection of Hadley and Ferrel cells can best be described as..... Rotation of the Earth around it's axis - CORRECT ANSWER What phenomenon does the Coriolis effect arise from? Trade winds - CORRECT ANSWER The prevailing surface winds in the Hadley cells are the .... Falling air and dry conditions - CORRECT ANSWER High pressure centers are associated with... Northeast trades meet the southeast trades (surface winds of the Hadley cells) - CORRECT ANSWER The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a region where.... a ridge of high pressure (rising air = low pressure) - CORRECT ANSWER According to the three-cell general circulation model, at the equator we would NOT expect to find.... Westerlies - CORRECT ANSWER Chicago, Illinois (latitude 42° N) is located in the.... Monsoons - CORRECT ANSWER Winds that change direction depending on the season and cause a change in the weather are called? northeast trades meet the southeast trades - CORRECT ANSWER The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a region where.... Morning; evening - CORRECT ANSWER Sea breezes occur during the _______ and land breezes occur during the _______. Within a single great mass of warm, humid, rotating air - CORRECT ANSWER Tropical cyclones form in what conditions? Ferrel cells - CORRECT ANSWER Where are extratropical cyclones typically found? Eye wall - CORRECT ANSWER What is the most intense part of a hurricane? Warm water - CORRECT ANSWER What is the fuel or the engine that keeps a hurricane alive? Saffir Simpson Scale - CORRECT ANSWER What is the name of the scale used to sank hurricanes? Eye - CORRECT ANSWER What is the calmest part of a hurricane? Bhola Cyclone (1970) - CORRECT ANSWER Which of the following tropical cyclones has the highest mortality rate (1873-present)? A. Hurricane Katrina B. Hurricane Sandy C. Bhola Cyclone D. Haiphong typhoon airmass - CORRECT ANSWER a large mass of air with nearly uniform temperature, humidity, and density throughout atmosphere - CORRECT ANSWER the envelope of gases that surround a planet and are held to it by the planet's gravitational attraction atmospheric circulation cells - CORRECT ANSWER Large circuit of air driven by uneven solar heating and the Coriolis effect. climate - CORRECT ANSWER long-term average of weather in an area convection current - CORRECT ANSWER A single closed-flow circuit of rising warm material and falling cool material. Coriolis effect - CORRECT ANSWER the apparent deflection of a moving object from its initial course when its speed and direction are measured in reference to the surface of the rotating Earth. The object is deflected to right of its anticipated course in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. The deflection occurs for any horizontal movement of objects with mass and has no effect at the equator cyclone - CORRECT ANSWER A weather system with a low-pressure area in the center around which winds blow counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. doldrums - CORRECT ANSWER the zone of rising air near the equator known for sultry air and variable breezes extratropical cyclone - CORRECT ANSWER A low-pressure mid-latitude weather system characterized by converging winds and ascending air rotating counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere; forms at the front between the polar and Ferrel cells. Ferrel cell - CORRECT ANSWER The middle atmospheric circulation cell in each hemisphere. Air in these cells rises at 60 degrees latitude and falls at 30 degrees latitude. front - CORRECT ANSWER the boundary between two air masses of different density. the density difference can be caused by differences in temperature and/or humidity frontal storm - CORRECT ANSWER Precipitation and wind caused by the meeting of two air masses, associated with an extratropical cyclone. Generally, one air mass will slide over or under the other, and the resulting expansion of air will cause cooling and consequently rain or snow. geographical equator - CORRECT ANSWER 0° latitude, an imaginary line equidistant from the geographical poles. Hadley cell - CORRECT ANSWER The atmospheric circulation cell nearest the equator in each hemisphere. Air in these cells rises near the equator because of strong solar heating there and falls because of cooling at about 30° latitude. heat budget - CORRECT ANSWER An expression of the total solar energy received on Earth during some period of time and the total heat lost from Earth by reflection and radiation into space through the same period. horse latitude - CORRECT ANSWER zones of erratic horizontal surface air circulation near 30 degrees N and 30 degrees S latitudes. Over land, dry air falling from high altitudes produces deserts at these latitudes hurricane - CORRECT ANSWER a large tropical cyclone in the North Atlantic or eastern Pacific, whose winds exceed 118 km / hr intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) - CORRECT ANSWER The equatorial area at which the trade winds converge; usually lies at or near the meteorological equator; also called the doldrums. land breeze - CORRECT ANSWER movement of air offshore as marine air heats and rises meteorological equator - CORRECT ANSWER The irregular imaginary line of thermal equilibrium between hemispheres. It is situated about 5° north of the geographical equator, and its position changes with the seasons, moving slightly north in northern summer. Also called the thermal equator. monsoon - CORRECT ANSWER a pattern of wind circulation that changes with the season. nor' easter - CORRECT ANSWER any energetic extratropical cyclone that sweeps the eastern seaboard of North America in winter polar cell - CORRECT ANSWER The atmospheric circulation cell centered over each pole. polar front - CORRECT ANSWER Boundary between the polar cell and the Ferrel cell in each hemisphere. precipitation - CORRECT ANSWER liquid or solid water that falls from the air and reaches the surface as rain, hail, or snowfall seas breeze - CORRECT ANSWER onshore movement of air as inland air heats and rises storm - CORRECT ANSWER Local or regional atmospheric disturbance characterized by strong winds often accompanied by precipitation. storm surge - CORRECT ANSWER An unusual rise in sea level as a result of the low atmospheric pressure and strong winds associated with a tropical cyclone. Onrushing seawater precedes landfall of the tropical cyclone and causes most of the damage to life and property. thermal equilibrium - CORRECT ANSWER The condition in which the total heat coming into a system (such as a planet) is balanced by the total heat leaving the system. tornado - CORRECT ANSWER localized, narrow, violent funnel of fast-spinning wind, usually generated when tow air masses collide trade winds - CORRECT ANSWER Surface winds within the Hadley cells, centered at about 15° latitude, that approach from the northeast in the Northern Hemisphere and from the southeast in the Southern Hemisphere. tropical cyclone - CORRECT ANSWER A weather system of low atmospheric pressure around which winds blow counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. It originates in the tropics within a single air mass, but may move into temperate waters if the water temperature is high enough to sustain it. Small tropical cyclones are called tropical depressions, larger ones tropical storms, and great ones hurricanes, typhoons, or willi-willis, depending on location. troposhere - CORRECT ANSWER The lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere water vapor - CORRECT ANSWER The gaseous, invisible form of water. weather - CORRECT ANSWER The state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place. westerlies - CORRECT ANSWER Surface winds within the Ferrel cells, centered around 45° latitude, that approach from the southwest in the Northern Hemisphere and from the northwest in the Southern Hemisphere. wind - CORRECT ANSWER The mass movement of air. [Show More]

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