NR 507 Week 3 Quiz Version 3– Advanced Pathophysiology
Question 1
2 / 2 pts
In some anemias, the erythrocytes are present in various sizes, which is referred to as
Correct!
anisocytosis.
poikilocytosis.
...
NR 507 Week 3 Quiz Version 3– Advanced Pathophysiology
Question 1
2 / 2 pts
In some anemias, the erythrocytes are present in various sizes, which is referred to as
Correct!
anisocytosis.
poikilocytosis.
microcytosis.
isocytosis.
Additional descriptors of erythrocytes associated with some anemias include anisocytosis (assuming various sizes) or poikilocytosis (assuming various shapes) (Figure 26-1).
Question 2
2 / 2 pts
What is the pathophysiologic process of aplastic anemia?
Correct!
Autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated cytotoxic T cells
Inherited genetic disorder with recessive X-linked transmission
Malignancy of the bone marrow in which unregulated proliferation of erythrocytes crowd out other blood cells
Autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated immunoglobulins
Most cases of AA result from an autoimmune disease directed against hematopoietic stem cells. Cytotoxic T cells (Tc cells) appear to be the main culprits.
Question 3
2 / 2 pts
The body compensates for anemia by
Correct!
increasing rate and depth of breathing.
capillary vasoconstriction.
hemoglobin holds on to oxygen more firmly.
kidneys release more erythropoietin.
Tissue hypoxia creates additional demands and compensatory actions on the pulmonary and hematologic systems. The rate and depth of breathing increase in an attempt to increase the availability of oxygen.
Question 4
2 / 2 pts
A woman complains of chronic gastritis, fatigue, weight loss, and tingling in her fingers. Laboratory findings show low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, and a high mean corpuscular volume. These findings are consistent with _____ anemia.
aplastic
iron deficiency
folate deficiency
Correct!
pernicious
Gastric atrophy commonly occurs in the presence of type A chronic gastritis and may be autoimmune. Autoantibodies against gastric parietal cells are frequently observed. When the hemoglobin level in the blood has decreased significantly (7 to 8 g/dl), the individual experiences the classic symptoms of anemia—weakness, fatigue, paresthesias of the feet and fingers, difficulty in walking, loss of appetite, abdominal pains, and weight loss.
Question 5
2 / 2 pts
Symptoms of polycythemia vera are mainly the result of
Correct!
increased blood viscosity.
destruction of erythrocytes.
a decreased erythrocyte count.
neurologic involvement.
As the disease progresses many of the symptoms are related to the increased blood cellularity and viscosity.
Question 6
0 / 2 pts
Untreated pernicious anemia is fatal, usually because of
You Answered
brain hypoxia.
liver hypoxia.
renal failure.
Correct Answer
heart failure.
Untreated PA is fatal, usually because of heart failure.
Question 7
2 / 2 pts
What is the most common cause of vitamin K deficiency?
Administration of warfarin (Coumadin)
An IgG-mediated autoimmune disorder
Liver failure
Correct!
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with antibiotic therapy
The most common cause of vitamin K deficiency is parenteral nutrition in combination with broad-spectrum antibiotics that destroy normal gut flora.
Question 8
2 / 2 pts
Which of the following is a description consistent with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?
Correct!
There is failure of B cells to mature into plasma cells that synthesize immunoglobulins.
The bone marrow and peripheral blood are characterized by leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells. As the immature blasts increase, they replace normal myelocytic cells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes.
The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22 creates an abnormal, fused protein identified as BCR-ABL.
There are defects in the ras oncogene, TP53 tumor-suppressor gene, and INK4A, the gene encoding a cell-cycle regulatory protein.
Thus CLL is derived from transformation of a partially mature B cell that has not yet encountered antigen.
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