quiz 6 pathophysiology spring

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• Question 1 1 out of 1 points A 65-year-old male recently had a cerebrovascular accident that resulted in dysphagia. He now has aspiration of gastric contents. The nurse assesses the patient ... for which complication? Selected Answer: a. Pneumonia Correct Answer: a. Pneumonia • Question 2 1 out of 1 points A 2-week-old female presents with fever, cough, respiratory distress, and empyema. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart? Selected Answer: c. Staphylococcal pneumonia Correct Answer: c. Staphylococcal pneumonia • Question 3 0 out of 1 points Which of the following shows a correct cause and effect sequence in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)? Selected Answer: a. Impaired alveolar compliance causing decreased surfactant production Correct Answer: b. Alveolocapillary membrane injury causing a massive inflammatory response • Question 4 1 out of 1 points A 6-month-old female presents with rhinorrhea, cough, poor feeding, lethargy, and fever. She is diagnosed with bronchiolitis. Which of the following will the nurse most likely observe on the culture report? Selected Answer: c. Respiratory syncytial virus Correct Answer: c. Respiratory syncytial virus • Question 5 1 out of 1 points While reviewing lab results, to help confirm a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in a 1-year-old child which substance will be present in the child’s sweat? Selected Answer: b. Sodium chloride Correct Answer: b. Sodium chloride • Question 6 1 out of 1 points A 14-year-old male is experiencing an asthma exacerbation. When reviewing the lab results, which of the following cells in the submucosa promote this inflammatory response and will be elevated? Selected Answer: b. Eosinophils Correct Answer: b. Eosinophils • Question 7 1 out of 1 points A young patient is admitted to the pediatric unit with cystic fibrosis (CF) exacerbation. The nurse monitors the patient closely because the main cause of death in a child with CF is: Selected Answer: c. Respiratory failure Correct Answer: c. Respiratory failure • Question 8 0 out of 1 points A 60-year-old female with emphysema is having difficulty expiring a given volume of air. When giving report, the nurse will relay that the patient is most likely experiencing _____ pulmonary disease. Selected Answer: a. Restrictive Correct Answer: b. Obstructive • Question 9 1 out of 1 points An 11-year-old female presents with a low-grade fever and cough. She is diagnosed with atypical pneumonia. What type of pneumonia does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing? Selected Answer: c. Mycoplasma pneumonia Correct Answer: c. Mycoplasma pneumonia • Question 10 1 out of 1 points A newborn has respiratory distress syndrome. When obtaining the patient’s history, which of the following is the most important predisposing factor for this condition? Selected Answer: c. Premature birth Correct Answer: c. Premature birth • Question 11 1 out of 1 points A 30-year-old male is involved in a motor vehicle accident and sustains trauma to the lungs and chest wall. He experiences respiratory failure. Which of the following lab values would the nurse expect? Selected Answer: b. Elevated PaCO2 Correct Answer: b. Elevated PaCO2 • Question 12 1 out of 1 points A 25-year-old male presents with chronic bronchitis of 5 months’ duration. Which of the following is the most significant concern for the nurse to monitor in this patient? Selected Answer: d. Recurrent pulmonary infections Correct Answer: d. Recurrent pulmonary infections • Question 13 1 out of 1 points A 50-year-old male presents with hypotension, hypoxemia, and tracheal deviation to the left. Tests reveal that the air pressure in the pleural cavity exceeds barometric pressure in the atmosphere. Based upon these assessment findings, what does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing? Selected Answer: b. Tension pneumothorax Correct Answer: b. Tension pneumothorax • Question 14 1 out of 1 points A nurse is preparing to teach the staff about asthma. Which information should the nurse include? Airway hyper-responsiveness in asthma is related to: Selected Answer: c. Exposure to an allergen causing mast cell degranulation Correct Answer: c. Exposure to an allergen causing mast cell degranulation • Question 15 1 out of 1 points A 7-month-old male presents with cystic fibrosis (CF) accompanied by failure to thrive and frequent, loose, and oily stools. Sweat testing reveals increased chloride. Which of the following should the nurse observe for that would accompany this disease? Selected Answer: b. A thick mucus Correct Answer: b. A thick mucus • Question 16 1 out of 1 points When the nurse is asked what causes asthma, how should the nurse respond? Asthma is thought to be caused by: Selected Answer: d. Interactions between genetic and environmental factors Correct Answer: d. Interactions between genetic and environmental factors • Question 17 0 out of 1 points A 45-year-old male undergoes lung transplantation. He now suffers from airway occlusion secondary to fibrosis. Which diagnosis will the nurse see on the chart? Selected Answer: a. Compression atelectasis Correct Answer: d. Bronchiolitis obliterans • Question 18 1 out of 1 points A 26-year-old female recently underwent surgery and is now experiencing dyspnea, cough, fever, and leukocytosis. Tests reveal that she has a collapsed lung caused by removal of air from obstructed alveoli. What condition will the nurse observe on the chart? Selected Answer: c. Absorption atelectasis Correct Answer: c. Absorption atelectasis • Question 19 1 out of 1 points A 25-year-old male presents with chronic bronchitis of 5 months’ duration. When obtaining the patient’s history, which of the following findings is most likely to cause this condition? Selected Answer: c. Cigarette smoke Correct Answer: c. Cigarette smoke • Question 20 1 out of 1 points A geneticist is discussing cystic fibrosis (CF). Which information should be included? CF is an _____ disease. Selected Answer: a. Autosomal recessive Correct Answer: a. Autosomal recessive • Question 21 1 out of 1 points A 13-year-old female is diagnosed with asthma. Which of the following should the nurse teach the patient to recognize as part of an asthmatic attack? Selected Answer: c. Wheezing Correct Answer: c. Wheezing • Question 22 0 out of 1 points A 53-year-old male with a 20-year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema. When the nurse is asked what causes this, what is the nurse’s best response? Changes in his lungs are caused by: Selected Answer: b. Destruction of alveolar wall Correct Answer: c. Obstruction to heart tissue • Question 23 1 out of 1 points A 50-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking was diagnosed with lung cancer. He was previously exposed to air pollution, asbestos, and radiation at his job. Which of the following should the nurse realize had the greatest impact on the development of his cancer? Selected Answer: b. Cigarette smoke Correct Answer: b. Cigarette smoke • Question 24 1 out of 1 points An 80-year-old female develops pneumonia in the hospital. She becomes cyanotic, tachycardic, and develops a fever and cough. Chest x-ray reveals pus in the pleural space. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis documented on the chart? Selected Answer: a. Empyema Correct Answer: a. Empyema • Question 25 1 out of 1 points A 50-year-old diabetic male did not take his medication and is now in metabolic acidosis. He is experiencing Kussmaul respirations. What type of breathing will the nurse observe upon assessment? Selected Answer: b. A slightly increased ventilatory rate, large tidal volumes, and no expiratory pause Correct Answer: b. A slightly increased ventilatory rate, large tidal volumes, and no expiratory pause • Question 26 1 out of 1 points A 20-year-old male is in acute pain. An arterial blood gas reveals decreased carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. Which of the following does the nurse suspect is the most likely cause? Selected Answer: a. Hyperventilation Correct Answer: a. Hyperventilation • Question 27 0 out of 1 points A 53-year-old male with a 20-year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema. When a staff member asks why the patient’s airways are obstructed, how should the nurse respond? The airways are obstructed because of: Selected Answer: a. Excessive mucus production Correct Answer: b. Loss of elastic recoil • Question 28 1 out of 1 points A 42-year-old male was involved in a motor vehicle accident during which he suffered a severe head injury. He died shortly after the accident from loss of respiration. The nurse suspects the area of the brain most likely involved is the: Selected Answer: d. Brainstem Correct Answer: d. Brainstem • Question 29 1 out of 1 points A 42-year-old female presents with dyspnea; rapid, shallow breathing; inspiratory crackles; decreased lung compliance; and hypoxemia. Tests reveal a fulminant form of respiratory failure characterized by acute lung inflammation and diffuse alveolocapillary injury. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart? Selected Answer: a. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Correct Answer: a. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) • Question 30 1 out of 1 points A 20-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting difficulty breathing when lying down. What term should the nurse use to document this condition? Selected Answer: b. Orthopnea Correct Answer: b. Orthopnea Sunday, April 9, 2017 10:44:36 PM EDT [Show More]

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