NBPHE CPH Exam 2|49 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT

NBPHE CPH Exam 2|49 Questions with Verified Answers according to the transtheoretical model of change as individuals go from create precontemplation to Maintenance Khan behavioral beliefs decrease and pro behavioral ...

NBPHE CPH Exam 2|49 Questions with Verified Answers according to the transtheoretical model of change as individuals go from create precontemplation to Maintenance Khan behavioral beliefs decrease and pro behavioral beliefs increase. This process is best described as which of the following a. decisional balance b. self liberation c. reinforcement management d. self efficacy - CORRECT ANSWER a Which of the following methods is most appropriate for collecting data from stakeholders for a community based intervention a. conducting a mail survey b. conducting a telephone survey c. holding key informant interviews d. reading the blogs of community members - CORRECT ANSWER c A group uses problem solving to reconcile underlying differences and create a win win situation for the mutual benefit of all parties. This approach exemplifies which of the following styles of conflict management a. accommodating b. avoiding c. collaborating d. compromising - CORRECT ANSWER c The management of a health care facility requires staff to adhere to ethical principles and provide culturally appropriate care. The institutionalization of these values is most likely to influence which of the following aspects of health care provided by this facility? a. Acceptability b. accessibility c. accountability d. adequacy - CORRECT ANSWER a A health services researcher is studying a new influenza vaccination to determine whether it should be recommended for all senior citizens. Which of the following vaccination attributes is most important appropriate to evaluate first in the process of assessing the new vaccination a. cost benefit b. effectiveness c. efficacy d. efficiency - CORRECT ANSWER c Researchers want to present the comparative distribution of office visits in the three communities in one figure. Which of the following displays is most appropriate a. pie chart b. bargraph c. histogram d. stem and leaf plot - CORRECT ANSWER b To ensure successful collaboration and partnership as well as effective use of resources a public health professional needs to identify key stakeholders in a new project. Which of the following will determine if an organization is truly one of the key stakeholders for this initiative? a. The organization regulates the public health professionals work b. through organization previously partnered with the public health professional c. the public health professionals relationship with the organization is static d. the public health professional can clearly identify what is needed from the organization - CORRECT ANSWER d Literacy advocates in the US recommend that for health promotion materials to be effective they should be written at which of the following reading levels a. 2nd to 4th grades b. 6th to 8th grades c. 10th to 12th grades d. college level - CORRECT ANSWER b A local health department establishes a program with community outreach and clinical components that is intended to reduce the number of drug resistant tuberculosis cases. A measure of the programs outcomes is the number of a. clinical visits for drug resistant tuberculosis b. community education sessions c. drug resistant tuberculosis cases d. patients receiving follow-up care for drug resistant tuberculosis - CORRECT ANSWER c Which of the following is a characteristic of a health care system based on social justice a. access to medical care is viewed as an economic reward of personal effort and achievement b. production and distribution of health care are determined by market based demand c. an individual's ability to pay is considered inconsequential for receiving medical care d. markets are assumed to be more efficient than government at allocating health resources equitably - CORRECT ANSWER c A 22 year old Latina woman brings her 13 year old daughter to a health department clinic for routine well childcare. Both are enrolled in the Medicaid program. They live in an inner city apartment building that the mother describes as old and run down. The infant's diet consists of table foods; the principal protein sources are eggs peanut butter cheese and canned tuna. Screening of the infant for which of the following conditions is recommended by the Centers for Disease control and prevention a. allergies and asthma b. pesticide exposure c. elevated blood lead concentration d. mercury poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER c Variation in rates of medical procedures by race even when controlling for insurance status, income, age, and severity of conditions, is an example of a. health disparity b. racism c. inadequate access to health care d. a high rate of uninsured individuals - CORRECT ANSWER a Researchers are seeking A spokesperson for a Health Communication campaign to promote breast cancer screening for low income women. To ensure the strongest effect of the campaign on the target group, the researcher should select a spokesperson who shares which of the following characteristics with the target group a. personal attitudes b. ethnic background c. level of knowledge d. socioeconomic status - CORRECT ANSWER a a study is conducted to compare colorectal screening rates and white and African American men. Researchers contact 50 white men and fifty African American men older than 50 years of age by telephone and ask them if they have undergone colorectal screening. 55% of white men and 49% of African American men report undergoing appropriate screening. Which of the following tests is the most appropriate method of analysis of the survey data a. paired T test b. Pearson chi square test c. 2 sample T test d. Spearman correlation test - CORRECT ANSWER b Vaccination against polio provides lifelong protection, whereas influenza vaccines have to be administered each year. Which following statement best explains this difference in vaccine action a. influenza vaccines are prepared from killed viruses but polio vaccines are prepared from live attenuated viruses b. influenza vaccines have to be administered by injection but the oral polio vaccine can be ingested c. influenza viruses mutate at a much higher rate than polio virus d. poliovirus can only cause disease in humans whereas influenza viruses can infect other species - CORRECT ANSWER C a researcher is calculating the infant mortality rate of several states period which the following methods is a most appropriate to use during this analysis to adjust for racial differences and infant mortality rates among the states a. Logistic regression b. direct standardization c. life table analysis d. linear regression - CORRECT ANSWER b Which of the following terms describes the process of working with and through groups of people and partnerships and coalitions that help mobilize resources and influence systems to address their well-being a. collaboration b. Community Action c. community engagement d. constituency development - CORRECT ANSWER c Which of the following is a modeling and simulation tool used to investigate stocks, flows, and feedback loops of complex problems a. interactive planning b. operations research c. organizational cybernetics d. system dynamics - CORRECT ANSWER d The introduction of sewage into a stream is most likely to cause a measurable change in which of the following ways a. decrease in decomposing organic concentration b. increase in biochemical oxygen demand c. increase in dissolved oxygen concentration d. stabilization of biochemical oxygen demand - CORRECT ANSWER b Community public health goals and objectives are best developed by which of the following a. elected officials who were accountable to the public b. public health professionals who have access to data trends c. medical professionals who treat members of the community d. members of the community who understand community needs - CORRECT ANSWER d In addition to ozone and particulates, which of the following pollutants is most likely to aggravate asthma a. arsenic b. carbon monoxide c. lead d. sulfur dioxide - CORRECT ANSWER d A public health professional is notified of a 5000 cut to the budget for the department's diabetes education program that has been in place for several years. Below is the budget for this year's program. it is expected that the program will continue serving 250 community members period to maintain program fidelity which of the following is the best option for making the budget cuts a. ask the community to provide meeting space as an in kind contribution b. require participants pay for the workbook costs to indicate their commitment c. reduce FTE support for personnel because less material development time is necessary d. remove the incentives for participants because the ongoing program has been effective - CORRECT ANSWER c Researchers ask a random sample of 1001 adults nationwide whether they favor or oppose the legalization of marijuana. 55% of respondents say they oppose it. If the researchers increase the sample size of the poll by a factor of 4 which of the following effects on the length of the 95% confidence interval for the proportion is most likely to be observed a. it will decrease by a factor of 4 b. it will decrease by a factor of 2 c. it will increase by a factor of 2 d. it will increase by a factor of 4 - CORRECT ANSWER b Which of the following historical events raised awareness of the need for the protection of research subjects and resulted in the 1947 creation of the international code of ethics for research a. Nazi human experimentation b. willowbrook hepatitis studies c. publication of the Belmont report d. Tuskegee syphilis study - CORRECT ANSWER a Which of the following terms refers to the systematic method by which environmental exposure to a substance is quantified using information about the hazardous properties of the substance, human exposure to the substance, dose response relationships, and risk characterization? a. Risk management b. risk assessment c. risk communication d. risk control - CORRECT ANSWER b Approximately how many local health departments are there in the United states a. 890 b. 3000 c. 10,600 d. 59,000 - CORRECT ANSWER b A supplemental tax levy supporting a local health department has just failed and the impact will be a loss of tax revenues of $300,000 a month, beginning the following month and lasting at least five months. The health commissioner must quickly create an emergency plan. Which action is most likely to advance the commissioner's success as a leader in this crisis? a. direct the chief financial officer to impose fair and proportional cuts on each division b. adopt A positive attitude and announce to the directors of plan to evenly distribute the budget cuts across the entire organization c. express dissatisfaction with the electorate, and direct the chief financial officer to impose fair and proportional budget cuts on each division d. meet with all the directors to prioritize the possible operational changes that will result in cost reductions - CORRECT ANSWER d The probability associated with specific results when the null hypothesis is true is expressed by a. the P value b. a type 2 error c. the sampling distribution d. conditional independence - CORRECT ANSWER a Most funding for nursing home care in the United states comes from which of the following sources a. Medicaid b. Medicare c. out of pocket d. private insurance - CORRECT ANSWER a What percentage of all spending on health in the United states is devoted to public health funding a. 3% b. 11% c. 28% d. 52% - CORRECT ANSWER a Which of the following most accurately describes an organizational design that applies to independent units that are joined by a shared administrative overlay such as a county government a. adhocracy b. machine bureaucracy c. professional bureaucracy d. divisionalized bureaucracy - CORRECT ANSWER d The classic study by Schulman on the effect of race and sex on physicians recommendations for cardiac care use the standardized computer program to measure primary care physicians treatment plans for patients with chest pain. The investigators videotaped interviews of identically dressed actors reading from identical scripts and standardized other variables (age, cardiac risk factors, medical and social histories, health insurance, and employment) to vary only two factors - gender and race. the actors included African Americans and whites of both genders. Which of the following statements best summarizes the results of this study a. African Americans and women with chest pain have relative odds of referral for cardiac catheterization that were 60% of the odds for whites and men, and their relative odds of referral for African Americans 40% of those for white men b. African Americans and women with chest pain had relative odds of referral for catheterization that were actually higher than those for whites and men respectively c. African Americans with chest pain have the same relative odds of referral for catheterization as whites; however women with chest pain had relative odds of referral that were 20% of those for men d. women with chest pain have the same relative odds of referral for catheterization as men; however African American with chest pain had odds that were 60% of the odds for whites - CORRECT ANSWER a Which of the following terms best describes the power of a local jurisdiction to independently regulate public health, safety, and welfare? a. Unionism b. home rule c. preemption d. self administration - CORRECT ANSWER b Diversity of the workforce is considered important in health care research, education, and administration for which of the following reasons a. it increases efficiency b. it improves health literacy c. it decreases work related stress d. it demonstrates institutional commitment - CORRECT ANSWER d A federal law is passed requiring labeling on food products. In subsequent years, the rate of obesity among adults decreased. Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between the law and the change in obesity rates a. causal b. correlated c. retrospective d. prospective - CORRECT ANSWER b When considering culture and research and practice which of the following reflects best practice a. treating members of all cultural groups in the same way b. engaging culturally diverse advocacy leaders in the community c. recognizing that cultural uniformity is necessary for effective health intervention delivery d. helping members in the community more easily fit into the mainstream culture to increase the sense of belonging - CORRECT ANSWER b A health department is designing a web-based health promotion intervention. Which of the following issues is most important in regard to effective communication of this health information to the community a. the health literacy of the target population b. the diagrams and visual aids associated with the promotion materials c. the color and size of the health promotion materials d. the organization of the health promotion and materials - CORRECT ANSWER a Which of the following types of leadership would be most helpful in an organization experiencing rapid change a. servant b. theory X c. contingency d. transactional - CORRECT ANSWER c Which of the following United States federal laws prohibits a public health practitioner from sharing individually identifiable health information stored on public health department computer systems a. Occupational Safety and Health Act b. American health Security Act c. Health Communications act d. health insurance portability and accountability act - CORRECT ANSWER d When a public health issue emerges for which there is no evidence base to suggest a response strategy which of the following actions on the part of a public health professional is most appropriate a. defer action on the issue until further information about the appropriate intervention is available b. dismissed the issue because there is insufficient evidence to make an informed decision c. implement several different strategies at once to assess which is most effective d. invest in data collection and community based research to build a more thorough understanding of the issue - CORRECT ANSWER d At a town hall meeting several residents of a community of 10,000 raised concern about plans to build a new chemical treatment plant within walking distance of local schools, daycare centers, and parks. The community needs a new treatment plan but the residents concerns about the environmental effect of the plant need to be addressed. The local health department is charged with developing a method whereby citizens can provide information about concerns and recommended alternative strategies. Which of the following is the most effective method of gathering this information a. conduct telephone interviews with residents b. schedule face to face interviews with residents c. mail surveys to random selection of households d. organized focus groups with representatives from the community - CORRECT ANSWER d Which of the following is the most important limitation in the use of vital statistics data for public health research a. births and deaths that occur outside of institutions are not recorded b. data collected very substantially from state to state c. data files are not readily available to people collecting data outside the agency d. variables of research interest may not be collected - CORRECT ANSWER d A multi state regional coalition is in place to identify successful state level strategies for enhancing health care and other community services for children with special health needs. The coalition membership currently includes healthcare professionals and representatives from state departments of public health, housing, education, Medicaid, and social services. There is one remaining open seat. Which of the following representatives is most appropriate to fill the open slot a. a principal from one of the regions elementary schools b. a member of a parent advocacy group c. a pediatric cardiologist d. a pharmacist - CORRECT ANSWER b On the basis of the present evidence the greatest reduction in injuries and death related to motor vehicles can be attributed to be a result of which of the following a. increase in law enforcement and Highway Patrol officers b. stricter motor vehicle inspection laws c. modifications to vehicles and highway systems d. stiffer penalties for drunk drivers and repeat speeders - CORRECT ANSWER c The state health department is trying to reduce the HIV aids risk for African Americans aged 50 years and older. which of the following communication strategies is most important to serve this community a. ensure the information is evidence based b. make the information available on social media c. write the information at a 12th grade reading level d. present the information in a culturally competent manner - CORRECT ANSWER d A needs assessment process identifies several behavioral and environmental factors on which the intervention could focus. However to keep the project on budget the scope of the intervention must be limited. Which of the following is appropriate to consider when deciding on which behavioral environmental factors to focus the intervention a. compliance with guidance from the project sponsor b. what is feasible within the project budget c. the specific research interests of the planning team members d. the strengths of the evidence that the desire changes can be achieved - CORRECT ANSWER d Which of the following organizations accredits local public health departments a. American public health association b. Centers for Disease control and prevention c. public health accreditation board d. state licensing boards - CORRECT ANSWER c The theory of reasoned action is a model of health behavior targeted at which of the following levels a. community b. global c. individual d. organizational - CORRECT ANSWER c A public health worker is charged with investigating family violence in a community of nearly 1,000,000 residents. the principles of systems Theory are used in her approach. she incorporates individuals, groups, and their environments. Which of the following terms best describes this concept a. community psychology b. demography c. ethnobiology d. social ecology - CORRECT ANSWER d