Q 1. In vertebrates the notochord is a) An important nerve system structure found in adults b) An embryonic .ssue c) Part of the never cord d) The main part of vertebrate backbone 2. The neural crest originates from a) T
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Q 1. In vertebrates the notochord is a) An important nerve system structure found in adults b) An embryonic .ssue c) Part of the never cord d) The main part of vertebrate backbone 2. The neural crest originates from a) The neural tube b) The notochord c) The ectoderm d) None of the above are correct 3. Which of the following statements are correct? a) Fish and amphibians together form one monophyleEc group b) Fish form a paraphyle.c group c) RepEles and mammals together form one monophyleEc group d) All of the above are correct e) None of the other opEons are correct 4. Fish: a) Cannot produce aroma.c amino acids b) Have open circulatory system c) Always have swimming fins d) All of the above are correct 5. Which of the following statements is correct about fish? a) Gills evolved from jaws b) Teeth evolved from scales c) Sharks have external ferElizaEon d) All of the above are correct e) None of the above are correct 6. Which of the following groups of fish have muscles inside of their fins? a) Sharks b) Ray-finned fish c) Lobe-finned fish d) All of the above are correct e) None of the above are correct7. Which of the following word pairs are correct? a) Tiktaalik/lobe-finned fish b) Tiktaalik/amphibians c) Tiktaalik/ancestral fossil of tetrapods d) None of the above are correct 8. RepEles with anapsis skull have ___ lateral holes for muscles to aWach. a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3 e) None of the above are correct 9. Mammals derive from ___ repEles a) Anapsis b) Synapsis c) Diapsis d) None of the above are correct 10. Modern birds have a) Only symmetric feathers b) Very high number of bones c) Many fused bones d) None of the above are correct 11. Hooves and horns of mammals are made of: a) Kera.n b) ChiEn c) Calcium carbonate d) Collagen 12. Where does absorpEon of water mostly take place? a) Stomach b) Small intesEne c) Large d) All of the above are correct 13. The interior of the digesEve track is known as: a) Serosa b) Epithelium c) Lumen d) Endogastron14. Which of the following seal the larynx when you swallow foods? a) Glo`s b) EpigloIs c) Soa palate d) Interior part of the tongue 15. Which of the following statements are correct? a) Low pH values acEvate pepsin into pepsinogen b) Carbohydrates are digested in the stomach c) Parietal cells segregate pepsinogen d) All of the above are correct e) None of the above are correct 16. The pancreas releases some enzymes in the duodenum. They need help to digest: a) Proteins b) Carbohydrates c) Lipids d) All of the above are correct e) None of the above are correct, they only regulate sugar levels in blood. 17. Which of the following concepts pairs with glycogenolysis? a) Breakdown of glucose b) Breakdown of glycogen c) Molecules are converted into glucose d) None of these opEons are correct 18. Which of the following animals do not have circulatory system? a) Sponges b) Corals c) Jelly fish d) None of the above have circulatory system 19. Erythrocytes: a) Are part of plasma b) Have nuclei c) Never contain hemoglobin d) Are one of the formed elements of the blood 20. Which of the following statements is correct? a) Arteries are always rich in oxygen b) Veins always run from the rest of the body to the heart c) SomeEmes arteries run from the rest of the body to the heart d) All of the above are correct21. When blood reach the capillaries a) OsmoEc pressure>blood pressure b) Blood pressure> osmo.c pressure c) Blood pressure= osmoEc pressure d) Any of the other opEons can be true as it depends on the part of the body where the capillaries are found 22. Phagocytosis is performed by a) Macrophages b) Neutrophils c) Natural killer cells d) A and B are correct e) B and C are correct 23. Epitopes are molecular parts of a) Macrophages b) A c) A membrane aWack complex (MAC) d) Caspase enzymes e) All of the above are correct 24. AnEbodies are part of a) Innate immune system b) AdapEve immune system c) Bacteria that infect a host d) A and B are correct e) B and C are correct 25. For B cells to undergo mitosis and produce Memory B cells and Effector B cells they need to a) Phagocytose the foreign bacteria or virus b) Present MHC2 molecules along their membrane c) Bind to an Effector Helper T-Cells d) All of the above are correct e) Only A and B are correct 26. For helper T Cells to be acEvated producing Effector and Memory Helper T-Cells they need a) For a dendriEc cell to phagocyEze the foreign bacteria or virus b) For the inacEve Helper T Cells to bind to MCH2 molecules of the dendriEc cells= c) Bind to B-Cells d) All of the above are correct e) Only A and B are correct27. When a dendriEc cell phagocyEzes a bacteria, this dendriEc cell presents in its membrane A: ___ a) B-Cell b) T-Cell c) Cytokine molecule d) MHC2 molecule e) C and D are correct 28. For cytotoxic T Cells to perform their mission a) They need to bind to B Cells b) They need to bind to MCH-2 Molecules c) They need to bind to MCH-1 Molecules d) All of the above are correct e) Only B and C are correct Quiz 8 Answers Fish: • Cannot produce aromatic amino acids • Have an open circulatory system • Always have swimming fins • All of the above are correct Which of the following statements is correct about cartilaginous fish: • Gills evolved from jaws • Teeth evolved from scales • Most of them have external fertilization • Options A, B, and C are correct • None of the above are correct Which of the following groups of fish have muscles inside the fins • Sharks • Ray-finned fish • Lobe-finned fish • Options A, B, and C are correct • None of the other options is correct Which of the following options is correct• Tiktaalik is a lobed-fin fish • Tiktaalik is an amphibian • Tiktaalik is an ancestral fossil of tetrapods • None of the other options is correct The neural crest is • The same as the neural tube • Found in adults • The same as the notochord • The same as the ectoderm • None of the other options is correct Which of the following statements are correct: • Fish form a paraphyletic group • Reptiles form a monophyletic group • Reptiles and mammals together form one monophyletic group • All of these options are correct Salmon has • Muscles inside its fins • Bones with articulations in its fins • No swim bladder • None of the other options is correct Lungfishes • are only fossil fishes • have most of their species breathing both with lungs and gills • have most of their species breathing only with lungs • None of the other options are correct Sharks have • High reproductive rate with large offspring • Have operculum that helps them to breathe• Internal reproduction • All of these options are correct When you buy fish in the supermarket you have _______ % chance to buy a lobe-finned fish • <10% • 50% • >90% • All of the other options are correct as it depends on the supermarket that you visit Lung fish is a type of • Highly evolved lamprey fish • Cartilaginous fish • Ray-finned fish • Lobe-finned fish • Each one of the other fish groups can have lung fish species Which of the following applies to fish • Heart with a single compartment • Single circulatory blood system • Amniotic membranes • All of these options are correct How do toads and frogs breathe? • With the diaphragm • Expanding and contracting their rib cage • Through their skins and lungs • All of the other options are not correct • Options A, B, and C are correct Human skulls have ____ lateral open holes besides the eye orbits • 0• 1 • 2 • 3 True or false Mammals never exhibit keratin scales when they are adults • True • False True or false Birds never exhibit keratin scales when they are adults • True • False True or False The marine iguanas are ectothermic and they keep their body warm when they swim because the Galapagos Islands are located right on the Equator and are surrounded by Tropical warm waters • True • False Which of the following statements are correct • In platypus, eggs hatch outside the mother whereas in echidnas, they hatch inside the mother • In echidnas, eggs hatch outside the mother whereas in platypus, they hatch inside the mother • Both in platypus and echidnas, eggs hatch outside the mother • Both in platypus and echidnas, eggs hatch inside the mother Which of the following statements are correct on Monotremes: • Platypus and echidnas have a single opening for feces, urine, and reproduction• Only Platypus have a single opening for feces, urine, and reproduction • Only Echidnas have a single opening for feces, urine, and reproduction • None of the other options is correct Quiz 9 Answers The interior of the digestive track is known as: • Serosa cavity • Epithelium tube • Lumen • Endogastron Which of the following parts of the digestive system of cows has tissues that produce enzymes • Rumen • Reticulum • Omassum • Abomassum • All of the other options are correct Which of the following statements are correct: • - Low pH values activate pepsinogen into pepsin • - Lipids are digested in the stomach • - Parietal cells segregate pepsinogen • None of the other options is correct • Options A, B, and C are correct Sodium bicarbonate is secreted by _______ cells inside the _______ • Stomach/Duodenum • Stomach/Ileum • Pancreas/Duodenum • Pancreas/Jejunum • Pancreas/Ileum Trypsin is secreted by:• Duodenum • Liver • Stomach • Pancreas Pancreas secrete insulin in • Duodenum • Liver • Renal glands • Blood Which of the following word pairs are correct: • Villi/Submucosa • illi/Stomach • Villi/Muscularis • None of the above is correct True or false Absorption of fat by the digestive system requires the formation of a complex of triglycerides and proteins that enter the lymphatic system • True • False Which of the following concepts pairs with Glycogenolysis • Breakdown of Glucose • Breakdown of Glycogen • Molecules are converted into glycogen • None of these options is correct Which of the following organisms have hemocyanin • snails • insects • fish• sponge Erythrocytes represent approximately _____ of all formed elements • 25 • 50 • 75 • 99 The human heart has ________ valves • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 The lymphatic system is • A closed system • An open system • A two-way system • All of the above are correct as it depends if the system is associated to veins or to arteries Which of the following parts of the heart deal with Oxygen-rich blood • The two atria • The two ventricles • The right part of the heart • The left part of the heart When heart ______ it pumps blood through _____, this is called ____: • Contracts/veins/systole • Contracts/arteries/systole • Relaxes/veins/diastole • Relaxes/arteries/diastole • None of the other options is correctThe heart regular rhythmic beat is set up by • The brain • The spinal cord • The left ventricle • None of the other options are correct Which of the following pairs of words/concept is correct • Lymphatic system/erythrocytes • Capillaries/no osmotic pressure • Capillaries/slow blood velocity • Lymphatic system/closed circulation system In the capillary beds there is both (1) liquid re-absorption by the capillaries and (2) liquid is collected by the lymphatic system when • Hydrostatic blood pressure > blood osmotic pressure • Hydrostatic blood pressure < blood osmotic pressure • Hydrostatic blood pressure = blood osmotic pressure • None of the above is correct as in the capillary beds there is neither liquid reabsorption by the capillaries nor liquid collected by the lymphatic system Which is the main mechanism by which veins deliver blood back to the heart • Systolic pressure • Osmotic pressure • Muscles in the wall of the veins • None of the other options are correct Quiz 10 Answers For B Cells to undergo mitosis and produce Memory B Cells and Effector B Cells they need to A. Phagocytize the foreign bacteria or virus B. Present MHC2 complex molecules along their membrane C. Bind to an Effector Helper T-Cell D. All other options are correct E. Only options A and B are correctFor Helper T Cells to be activated producing Effector and Memory Helper T-Cells they need A. For a dendritic cell to phagocytize the foreign bacteria or virus B. For the inactive Helper T Cells to bind to MCH2 complex molecules of the dendritic cell C. to bind to B-Cells D. All of the other options are correct E. Only options A and B are correct After a dendritic cell phagocytizes a bacteria, this dendritic cell presents in its membrane a: ____ A. B-cell B. cytokine molecule C. MHC2 complex molecule D. T-Cell E. Options C and D are correct For Cytotoxic T Cells to perform their mission A. They need to bind to B Cells B. They need to bind to MCH-2 Molecules C. They need to bind to MCH-1 Molecules D. All other options are correct E. Only options B and C are correct Which of the following cells digest virus or bacteria during the activation of your immune system A. Dendritic cell B. Effector Helper T-Cells C. B-Cells D. Options A and C are correct E. Options A and B are correct The antigen receptor of B cells hasA. Constant regions and variable regions B. Only constant regions C. Only variable regions D. RNA receptors E. None of the other options is correct The antigen receptor of B-Cell of humans can display high levels of variation mostly because A. It is regulated by approximately 49 different genes B. It has extremely high mutation rates C. It has very high recombination rates between introns and the C region of the regulatory gene D. None of the other options is correct Once antibodies are released to your organism they can attach to A. Effector B Cells B. Effector T Cells C. Dendritic Cells D. Virus or bacteria E. All other options are correct Which of the following word pairs are correct A. Cytotoxic T Cells / Antibodies B. Effector T Cells / Perforins C. Cytotoxic T Cells / Granzymes D. Effector B Cells / Cancer Effector Helper T Cells A. Bind to Cytotoxic T Cells B. Bind to dendritic cells C. Release Cytokines D. All other options are correct Which of the following cells release antibodies in your organism to attack virusA. Effector T-Cells B. Dendritic Cells C. Cytotoxic T Cells D. Options A, B, and C are correct E. None of the other options is correct Which of the following word/concept applies to Natural Killer Cells A. Perforins B. Phagocytosis C. Adaptive immunity D. Lymphocytes Which of the following cells/tissue are precursors of phagocytes when you have a cut with a nail A. Monocytes B. Membrane attack complex C. Neutrophils D. Lymphocytes After dendrites digest a virus or a bacteria these dendrites A. produce antibodies B. bind to a cytotoxic T Cell C. bind to a MCH-1 molecule D. None of the other options are correct The complement system of innate immunity processes is made of A. Leukocytes B. A wide array of proteins C. MHC2 D. All of these options are correct Which of these can be an antigen A. Pollen GrainsB. Leukocytes C. Memory T Cells D. All of these options are correct Which of the following can be regarded as antibody factories that are massively released (2,000 per second) and bind to epitopes of foreign microorganisms A. Dendritic Cells B. Memory B Cells C. Effector B Cells D. Effector T Cells E. All of these options are correct Which of the following is correct regarding T Cells and B Cells A. Inactive B Cells and dendrite cells bind together in order for Inactive B Cells to undergo mitosis B. Inactive B Cells and Effector T Cells bind together in order for Inactive B Cells to undergo mitosis C. Inactive B Cells do not exhibit MBH2 complex in their membranes prior to undergoing mitosis D. After undergoing mitosis there are 3 different kinds of B Cells
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