NBDE - Mental Dental Mix - ORTHO

INBDE - Mental Dental Mix - ORTHO What matures fully first? - ✔✔maxilla then the mandible What is the cephalocaudal growth gradient? - ✔✔body parts closer to cranium grow faster earlier body parts further from the cra ...

INBDE - Mental Dental Mix - ORTHO What matures fully first? - ✔✔maxilla then the mandible What is the cephalocaudal growth gradient? - ✔✔body parts closer to cranium grow faster earlier body parts further from the cranium grow more later At what age to lymphoid tissues start to go down? - ✔✔age 10 lymphoid tissues go down, as genital tissues goes up What is the average peak growth for girls? boys? - ✔✔girls = age 12 boys = age 14 **the earlier you reach your peak, the shorter your growth spurt and the less overall growth What is endochondral growth? - ✔✔"within the cartilage" growth from the inside increase in length under more genetic control What is intramembranous growth? - ✔✔"within membrane" growth from the outside increase in diameter/thickness influenced more by env. factors What type of ossification occurs at fontanelles and sutures as well as internal and external surfaces ? - ✔✔intramembranous ossification What type of ossification occurs at synchondroses? - ✔✔endochondral ossification What type of ossification occurs at sutures posterior and superior to maxilla and also to remodel surfaces - ✔✔intramembranous ossification What type of ossification creates the embryonic corpus/ramus? - ✔✔intramembranous ossification What type of ossification creates the condylar cartilage? - ✔✔endochondral ossification If the growth of the condyle is greatly exceeding the molar eruption what will happen ? - ✔✔shorter face height and skeletal deep bite What are highlights of fetal alcohol syndrome? - ✔✔midface deficiency increase in cleft lip, smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, small papillary fissures ethanol = teratogen CNS problems = difficulty learning, vision, hearing and communication What are key features of Treacher Collins Syndrome? (mandibulofacial dysostosis) - ✔✔underdeveloped mandible downslanted palpebral fissures cleft palate microtia = small ear What is Hemifacial microsomia ? - ✔✔loss of neural crest cells during migration ear and mandibular ramus are deficient on affected side What are key features of Down Syndrome? - ✔✔nondisjunction - leads to an extra chromosome 21 midface deficiency upslanted palpebral fissures T/F - Down syndrome has an increased risk for caries - ✔✔false!! increased risk for periodontal disease When does cleft lip occur? - ✔✔4 to 6 weeks in utero failure of medial nasal prominence and maxillary prominence anteriorly When does cleft palate occur? - ✔✔6 to 8 weeks in utero failure of medial nasal prominence and maxillary prominence posteriorly What class occurs with clift palate/lip? - ✔✔Class III; deficient maxilla What are key features of Pierre Robin Sequence? - ✔✔micrognathia = small mandible glossoptosis = backward displacement of tongue cleft palate breathing and feeding difficulties What are key features of Crouzon Syndrome? - ✔✔craniosynostosis = early closure of skull sutures brachycephalic = short skull midface deficiency frontal bossing = prominent forehead hypertelorism = widely separated eyes proptosis = bulging eyes What is Apert Syndrome? - ✔✔acrocephalosyndactyly craniosynostosis smilar features to Crouzon acrocephalic = tall skull byzantine arch = narrow palate with high vault syndactyly = fusion of fingers and toes Features of Hurler and Hunter Syndrome - ✔✔mucopolysaccharidosis build up of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) due to an enzyme deficiency How long is the gum pad stage? - ✔✔birth to 6 months (eruption of first primary tooth ends it) Where is the primate space? - ✔✔maxillary = primary lateral and primary canine mandibular = primary canine and primary 1st molar Where is the Leeway Space - ✔✔diff in combined M-D width of primary canine, 1st molar, 2nd molar where the premolars and canine will erupt How long is the mixed dentition stage usually - ✔✔from 6-12 years old ends with the exfoliation of the last primary tooth When is the ugly duckling stage? - ✔✔11-12 years old a diastema <2mm is normal Where are the permanent tooth buds positioned in comparison the the primary teeth - ✔✔lingual and apical Incisors tend to erupt lingually except for... - ✔✔upper centrals A distal step will most likely lead to what type of Class? - ✔✔class II flush terminal plane becomes what? - ✔✔end-end or class I How does flush terminal plane become class I ? - ✔✔early mesial shift of first molars to close primate space at ~age 6 late mesial shift of seecond molars to close leeway space around ag 12 What is the Tanaka-Johnston method? - ✔✔sum width of mandibular incisors sum/2 + 11mm = space required for one maxillary buccal segmnt sum/2 + 10.5mm = space required for one mandibular buccal segment What is the Moyer's method? - ✔✔add width of mandibular incisors and then refer to prediction table What is ideal overbite? overjet? - ✔✔overbite = 10-20% (1-2mm) overjet = 1-3mm Late lower incisor crowding may be due to... - ✔✔late mandibular growth and lower lip pressure What occurs to the intercaninee width as we develop? - ✔✔increases as permanent teeth erupt then stabilizes after eruption of canines What occurs to intermolar width ? - ✔✔increases as molars erupt then stabilizes What occurs to the arch length as we develop? - ✔✔decreases during transition from mixed to permanent What occurs to the arch perimeter as we develop? - ✔✔increases in upper and decreases in lower during transition from mixed to permanent Ackerman-Proffit looks at which 5 things for beauty - ✔✔1) facial proportions and esthetics 2) alignment and symmetry 3) transverse (crossbites, midline) 4) anterioposterior (overjet, angle class) 5) vertical (overrbite, curve of spee) What percentage of adolescents and adults have severe crowding? - ✔✔15% What is the Bolton Analysis? - ✔✔Measures tooth size discrepancy by comparing upper and lower teeth teeth that are too large may require interproximal reduction (IPR) teeth that are too small may require buildups A skeletal classification of Class II describes - ✔✔convex A skeletal classification of Class III describes - ✔✔concave If a pt. has a facial divergence that is posterior what class is it usually - ✔✔class II If a pt. has an anterior facial divergence what class is it usually? - ✔✔class III What describes incompetent lips - ✔✔3-4mm separation at rest and mentalis strain on closure At rest, what is the incisor display? - ✔✔2-4mm What is the ideal smile incisor display? - ✔✔100% incisor with 1-2mm gingival show Why do we do Cephalometric analysis? - ✔✔to evaluate the relationship of the jaws and dental units to each other superimposition to evaluate the skeletal and dental changes that occur over time due to growth or treatment what is Po-Or - ✔✔franfort horizontal What is ANS-PNS - ✔✔palatal plane What is Go-Gn? - ✔✔mandibular plane What is SNA ? - ✔✔maxilla to cranial base big angle = maxilla forward What is SNB? - ✔✔mandible to cranial base big angle = mandible forward What is ANB - ✔✔maxilla to maandible 0* or below = class III 2* is normal 4* or above is class II What is working in ortho when the PDL is stressed. compression side vs. tension side - ✔✔compression side = osteoclasts (destroy) tension side = osteoblasts (apposition) What type of resorption occurs from light forces? <100g - ✔✔frontal or direct resorption What type of resorption occurs from heavy forces? >100g - ✔✔undermining or indirect resorption How is the force distributed? - ✔✔force/area = pressure What is uncontrolled tipping? - ✔✔crown goes in direction of force and root goes opposite direction ideal uncontrolled tipping force = 50g What is controlled tipping - ✔✔partially tipped and partially translated ideal controlled tipping force is 75g What is bodily movement? - ✔✔moves the crown and root equally in the same direction entire PDL area is loaded so there is equal compression all along one side of the root ideal bodily force is 100g What is root torque? - ✔✔crown barrely moves and the root moves in the direction of force ideal force is 75g What is rotation - ✔✔rotation of tooth about its long axis compresses the areas similar to tipping due to irregularly shaped root ideal rotating force is 50g What is extrusion? - ✔✔pulling a tooth gently out of its socket, compresses areas similar to tipping due to irregularly shaped root ideal extruding force is 50g What is intrusion? - ✔✔pushing a tooth gently into its socket requires exceptionally light force applied down the long axis of teh tooth ideal is 10g The threshold for tooth movement is - ✔✔4-8 hours What type of orthodontic appliance is continuous force? interrupted force? intermittent force? - ✔✔continuous = light wire interrupted = elastic chain (slowly declines to zero) intermittent = clear aligners (abruptly declines to 0) What is uncontrolled tipping? - ✔✔crown goes in direction of force and root goes opposite direction ideal uncontrolled tipping force = 50g What is uncontrolled tipping? - ✔✔