ARDMS Review Sonography basics 62 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT

ARDMS Review Sonography basics 62 Questions with Verified Answers _________ is the branch of physics thst deals with sound & sound waves - CORRECT ANSWER Acoustics Ultasound frequency is > than? - CORRECT ANSWER ...

ARDMS Review Sonography basics 62 Questions with Verified Answers _________ is the branch of physics thst deals with sound & sound waves - CORRECT ANSWER Acoustics Ultasound frequency is > than? - CORRECT ANSWER > 20kHz Diagnostic ultrasound is: 1-20MHz ________ is defined as an imaging technique used to visualize soft tissue of the body by recording the returning reflection of waves - CORRECT ANSWER Sonography AIUM stands for? - CORRECT ANSWER American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine JRC stands for? - CORRECT ANSWER Joint Review Committee SDMS stands for? - CORRECT ANSWER Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography ARDMS stands for? - CORRECT ANSWER American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography Define : enhancement; increased through transmission? - CORRECT ANSWER Sound that travels through an anechoic (fluid filled) substance and is not attenuated; brightness directly posterior to the structure Define: shadowing? - CORRECT ANSWER Sound beam IS attenuated by a solid or calcified object; posterior to the structure A transducer converts ________ into mechanical energy - CORRECT ANSWER Electrical energy As the transducer element vibrates, waves undergo compression & ________ , or expansion - CORRECT ANSWER Rarefaction Sound waves are _______ waves - CORRECT ANSWER Mechanical ______ is equal to the # of cycles per second by the sound source and the particles of the medium - CORRECT ANSWER Frequency Mechanical waves CANNOT travel through a ________ - CORRECT ANSWER Vacuum ( this is why we use gel) Wavelength represents: - CORRECT ANSWER Distance occupied by each cycle The operating frequency of the transducer Velocity of sound ⬆️ frequency is __________ the wavelength ⬇️ frequency is __________ the wavelength - CORRECT ANSWER Shorter Longer Sound beam is produced from a transducer by the piezoelectric effect - CORRECT ANSWER 2 basic modes of transducer operation - CORRECT ANSWER Continuous wave & pulsed wave Doppler (both) Real time ( pulsed-echo wave only) Transmission of sound through soft tissue travels at? - CORRECT ANSWER 1540 m/sec Change in the direction of sound is ? - CORRECT ANSWER Refraction ( incident angle is not 0 & if velocities of sound of the two materials forming the boundary are NOT equal) Near filed of a transducer : Far field of a transducer: - CORRECT ANSWER Fresnel zone- closest to the face of the transducer Fraunhofer zone- where beam diverges Best lateral resolution is in the? - CORRECT ANSWER Focal zone - point at which beam is narrowest ( b/w the 2 zones) Arrays - CORRECT ANSWER _________ is the #of pulses launched per second - CORRECT ANSWER PRF ( pulse repetition frequency ) _______ amplifies or "boosts" the echo signals without changing acoustic exposure to the patient - CORRECT ANSWER Gain ( if too high, artifactual echo noise is displayed) Time gain compensation (TGC) aka depth gain compensation (DGC) allows? - CORRECT ANSWER Amplify receiver gain gradually at different depths Reject control eliminates ? - CORRECT ANSWER Both electronic noise and low level echoes High dynamic range? Low dynamic range? - CORRECT ANSWER More shades of gray, and lower contrast (abdominal and OB) High contrast ( echo, peripheral vascular) Harmonic imaging benefits: - CORRECT ANSWER decreased reverberation and side lobe artifacts increased axial and lateral resolution cyst clearing increased signal to noise ratio improved resolution in patients with large body habitus Harmonics - CORRECT ANSWER The difference between the receiving echo frequency and the frequency of the transmitted beam is called? - CORRECT ANSWER Doppler shift As flow becomes more turbulent or disturbed, velocity increases ; producing? - CORRECT ANSWER Spectral broadening Laminar vs turbulent flow Spectral broadening - CORRECT ANSWER Spectral broadening - CORRECT ANSWER If Nyquist sampling limit is exceeded what artifact occurs? - CORRECT ANSWER Aliasing - "wrapping around" of the Doppler waveform How to avoid aliasing? ⭐️ Changing Doppler signal from pulse to continuous Aliasing - CORRECT ANSWER Aliasing - CORRECT ANSWER Nyquist limit is the upper limit of Doppler shift seen in ? (Aliasing occurs) - CORRECT ANSWER PW doppler ( switch to CW Doppler) Color flow Doppler: flow toward transducer and away from transducer - CORRECT ANSWER Color box : top - toward Bottom - away Aliasing occurs in color flow imaging when Doppler frequencies exceed the nyquist limit; appears as "wrap around" of displayed color How to fix it? - CORRECT ANSWER Adjust velocity scale ( PRF) Color arising from sources other than moving blood is known as? - CORRECT ANSWER Flash artifact / ghosting Artifacts - CORRECT ANSWER Reverberation - CORRECT ANSWER Reverberation - CORRECT ANSWER Reverberation - CORRECT ANSWER Acoustic shadowing - CORRECT ANSWER Acoustic shadowing - CORRECT ANSWER Acoustic shadowing - CORRECT ANSWER Acoustic enhancement - CORRECT ANSWER Acoustic enhancement - CORRECT ANSWER Edge shadowing - CORRECT ANSWER Edge shadowing - CORRECT ANSWER Edge shadowing - CORRECT ANSWER beam width artifact occurs when a reflective object located beyond the widened ultrasound beam, after the focal zone, creates false detectable echoes that are displayed as overlapping the structure of interest. - CORRECT ANSWER Slice thickness occurs when the slice thickness is wider than the scanned structure. This artifact is also called volume averaging artifact. - CORRECT ANSWER Slice thickness - CORRECT ANSWER Side lobe artifact - CORRECT ANSWER Side lobe artifacts are echogenic, linear or curvilinear artifacts. Strong reflectors include bowel gas adjacent to the gallbladder or urinary bladder. Side lobe artifact - CORRECT ANSWER US image shows the grating lobe artifact in which the bowel with reverberation artifacts (white arrows) is misregistered in an anechoic ovarian cyst (black arrowheads) which lies behind a gestational sac Mirror image - CORRECT ANSWER Mirror image - CORRECT ANSWER Refraction artifact can occur when a transmitted pulse strikes an interface at a non-perpendicular angle. The difference in propagation speeds between the two tissues can cause refraction to occur. - CORRECT ANSWER Refraction - CORRECT ANSWER