Abdomen ARDMS Exam 85 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT

Abdomen ARDMS Exam 85 Questions with Verified Answers Transitional cell carcinoma is commonly found in all of the following locations except: A liver B renal pelvis C urinary bladder D ureter - CORRECT ANSWER A ...

Abdomen ARDMS Exam 85 Questions with Verified Answers Transitional cell carcinoma is commonly found in all of the following locations except: A liver B renal pelvis C urinary bladder D ureter - CORRECT ANSWER A liver. Transitional cell carcinoma is the most common type of bladder cancer A patient with cholecystitis most likely has an elevation in which of the following labs: A alpha-fetoprotein B white blood cell count C lactate dehydrogenase D chromaffin - CORRECT ANSWER B white blood cell count Inflamation Hypoechoic lesion is A darker than the surrounding parenchyma B brighter than the surrounding parenchyma C cystic D Septated - CORRECT ANSWER A darker than the surrounding parenchyma All of the following are retroperitoneal organs except a A adrenal glands B liver C kidneys D pancreas - CORRECT ANSWER B liver Mnemonic to remember the retroperitoneal organs is abdominal viscera are retroperitoneal is SAD PUCKER: S = Suprarenal (adrenal) Glands A = Aorta/IVC D =Duodenum (except the proximal 2cm, the duodenal cap) P = Pancreas (except the tail) U = Ureters C = Colon (ascending and descending parts) K = Kidneys E = (O)esophagus R = Rectum What is another name for renal cell carcinoma? A nephroblastoma B neuroblastoma C mesoblastic nephroma D hypernephorma - CORRECT ANSWER D hypernephorma Reverberation artifact that exhibits echogenic linear focus posterior to tiny gas bubbles most likely represents, A mirror image artifact B posterior shadowing C comet tail artifact D ring down artifact - CORRECT ANSWER C comet tail artifact The arrow is pointing to A renal cysts B medullary pyramid C renal cell carcinoma D renal sinus fat - CORRECT ANSWER B medullary pyramid Arrow is pointing to A splenic artery B hepatic artery C inferior vena cava D aorta - CORRECT ANSWER C Inferior Vena Cava The arrow is pointing to A splenic artery B hepatic artery C inferior vena cava D aorta - CORRECT ANSWER A splenic artery In this image the arrow is pointing to A splenic artery B hepatic artery C celiac artery D aorta - CORRECT ANSWER C celiac artery An artifact that alters the echogenicity of a tendon A anisotropy B ring-down artifact C side lobe artifact D mirror image artifact - CORRECT ANSWER A anisotropy A perpendicular angle will give you a normal hyperechoic tendon; if you angle obliquely to attend and you get the tendon, the tendon will appear hypoechoic Potential spaces alongside the ascending and descending colon on either side of the abdomen. A central gutters B Morrison's pouch C paracolic gutters D pouch of Douglas - CORRECT ANSWER C paracolic gutters Morrison's pouch is between the liver and the kidney Pouch of Douglas is in the pelvic A patient referred for a thyroid ultrasound will have abnormal ranges of this/ these labs? A LFT's B glucose C TSH D ALT - CORRECT ANSWER C TSH TSH or thyroid stimulating hormone along with thyroxine T4 and triiodothyronine T3 are routine thyroid labs LFT's and ALT or alanine aminotransferase are liver function tests Glucose is used for measuring blood sugar and using a diagnosing diabetes Which of these is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery? A hepatic artery B splenic artery C duodenal artery D cardinal artery - CORRECT ANSWER C duodenal artery The inferior mesenteric vein contributes to what circulation? A gonadal B cerebral C femoral D portal - CORRECT ANSWER D portal The hepatic portal vein is formed from the superior mesenteric vein, the inferior mesenteric vein, and the splenic vein. The superior mesenteric artery usually courses at a 45-degree angle to the anterior wall of the aorta. If the angle is very low, ______ should be suspected. A renal cell carcinoma B normal finding C nutcracker syndrome D nutcracker phenomenon E C and D - CORRECT ANSWER E C and D Nutcracker syndrome is a rare vein compression disorder. It occurs when arteries, most often the abdomen's aorta and superior mesenteric artery, squeeze the left renal (kidney) vein. It can cause many symptoms in both children and adults, such as flank pain and blood in the urine. The syndrome is accompanied by clinical symptoms whereas the phenomenon is just anatomical features without clinical symptoms. What is the most common collateral route in patients with portal hypertension? A basilic vein B cephalic vein C medial antecubital vein D coronary or left gastric vein - CORRECT ANSWER D coronary or left gastric vein Which of the following are associated with portal hypertension? A splenomegaly B jaundice C ascites D all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER D all of the above Which of these breast changes are commonly seen with malignancy? A skin dimpling or ulceration B nipple retraction C both A and B D neither A and B - CORRECT ANSWER C both A and B This tumor of the pancreas releases hormones like insulin and glucagon A islets cell tumor B cyst adenocarcinoma C adenocarcinoma D hypernefroma - CORRECT ANSWER A islet cell tumor also known as a pancreatic neuroendocrine What is the external layer of a blood vessel called? A Tunica adventitia B Tunica externa C Tunica media D A and B E none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER D A and B This finding is most likely A seminoma B epididymal cancer C epidermoid cyst D yolk sac tumor - CORRECT ANSWER C epidermoid cyst An epidermoid cyst is a rare benign testicular tumor which accounts for one percent of testicular tumors it has been described as an onion skin appearance because of the concentric rings within the cyst. Which of the following is not a cause of gross hematuria A renal sinus lipomatosis B benign prostatic hyperplasia C nephrolithiasis D transitional cell carcinoma - CORRECT ANSWER A renal sinus lipomatosis What other name does the main pancreatic duct go by A common bile duct B Wirsung's duct C hepatic duct D duct of Santorini - CORRECT ANSWER B Wirsung's duct the accessory pancreatic duct or duct of Santorini The parts of the pancreas are the head, neck, body, tail and .. A ampulla of Vater B crus C uncinate process D medulla - CORRECT ANSWER C uncinate process Which vessel is this A gastric artery B epigastric artery C pancreatic artery D gastroduodenal artery - CORRECT ANSWER D gastroduodenal artery Hyperechoic renal medullary pyramids with some acoustic shadowing is known as A Nephroma B Nephrolithiasis C Nephrocalcinosis D Hydronephrosis - CORRECT ANSWER C Nephrocalcinosis Put these structures in echogenicity from least to greatest A spleen, liver, kidney, renal sinus B renal sinus, liver, kidney, spleen C kidney, liver, spleen, renal sinus D liver, renal sinus, kidney, spleen - CORRECT ANSWER C kidney, liver, spleen, renal sinus You're scanning a pediatric patient and notice an upper pole hydronephrosis, what can you expect to see in the pelvis A pelvic kidney B ureterocele C horseshoe kidney D crossed fused renal ectopia - CORRECT ANSWER B ureterocele this patient likely has a duplicated kidney with an upper Pole moiety hydronephrosis and an ectopically inserted ureter This hormone stimulates gall bladder contraction A biliary hormone B cholecystokinin C leptin D ghrelin - CORRECT ANSWER B cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin also known as pancreas enzym is a hormone secreted by the duodenum that stimulates the contraction of the gall bladder which helps digest fats and protein. A tongue like projection of the right lobe of the liver is known as A Jerry's lobe B Peter's lobe C Reidel's lobe D Lingual lobe - CORRECT ANSWER C Reidel's lobe What is the most common type of abdominal aortic aneurysm A mycotic B mesenteric C fusiform D secular - CORRECT ANSWER C fusiform The four lobes of the liver are: caudate, left, right and A Reidel's lobe B quadrate lobe C Bare lobe D middle lobe - CORRECT ANSWER B quadrate lobe This echogenic connective tissue covers the liver A Gerota's fascia B hepatorenal layer C Glisson's capsule D Linea Alba - CORRECT ANSWER C Glisson's capsule The portal triad is made up of A Hepatic vein, hepatic artery and common bile duct B hepatic artery, common bile duct and duct of Wirsung C hepatic artery, common bile duct and portal vein D hepatic vein, portal vein and cystic duct - CORRECT ANSWER C hepatic artery, common bile duct and portal vein A patient with hemophilia has pain when lifting their leg. Ultrasound shows a hypoechoic mass inferior the right kidney. This finding most likely represents a A renal cell carcinoma B retroperitoneal tumor C psoas muscle hematoma D appendicitis - CORRECT ANSWER C psoas muscle hematoma An extratesticular anechoic, cystic structure is seen adjacent to the superior pole of the testis most likely represents A urachal cyst B epididymal cyst C tunica albuginea cyst D seminoma - CORRECT ANSWER B epididymal cyst During a thoracentesis a patient is put in the _____ position A upright B prone C lithotomy D reverse Trendelenburg - CORRECT ANSWER A upright The person sits upright and leans on a table. An ultrasound done on a recent renal transplant recipient shows a fluid collection near the transplant, this most likely represents a A hematoma B urinoma C lymphocele D all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER D all of the above A circular structure seen behind the IVC is A right renal artery B left renal artery C right renal vein D left renal vein - CORRECT ANSWER A right renal artery A 20 year-old comes in after an MVA complaining of shortness of breath and left shoulder pain. What ultrasound will the ER most likely order A spleen B carotid C chest D left shoulder soft tissue - CORRECT ANSWER A spleen the spleen is commonly injured in motor vehicle accidents and can cause irritation of the diaphragm which refers pain up into the left should A renal ultrasound is ordered on an 82 year old male with a history of polycystic kidneys, where else could you expect to see cysts? A thyroid B testes C liver D adrenal - CORRECT ANSWER C liver Patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease can later on develop cysts of the liver and pancreas You receive a patient with an anomaly of the ear, what ultrasound do you think will be ordered? A head and neck soft tissue B renal C liver D spleen - CORRECT ANSWER B renal Ear malformations are associated with an increased frequency of clinically significant structural renal anomalies compared with the general population What do you see in this gallbladder image A increase through transmission B gallstones C reverb artifact D side lobe artifact - CORRECT ANSWER A increase through transmission The duct of Wirsung and CBD enter the duodenum through the A gastric fundus B common hepatic duct C cystic duct D ampula of Vater - CORRECT ANSWER D ampula of Vater A teenager comes to your department with right lower quadrant pain rebound tenderness and leukocytosis, what's the most likely measurement of their appendix A 0.3 cm B 0.4 cm C < 0.6 cm D > 0.6 cm - CORRECT ANSWER D > 0.6 cm This patient most likely has appendicitis and the normal appendix measures less than 0.6 centimeters The arrow is pointing at A ligamentum venosum B GB fossa C ligamentum teres D hepatic ligament - CORRECT ANSWER A ligamentum venosum A dromedary hump is A pancreatic mass B liver mass C renal mass D normal variant of renal anatomy - CORRECT ANSWER D normal variant of renal anatomy You perform an ultrasound on a two-year-old with a palpable abdominal mass and hematuria. What is the most likely cause A mesoblastic nephroma B Wilm's tumor C hepatocellular carcinoma D constipation - CORRECT ANSWER B Wilm's tumor Mesoblastic nephroma is usually seen in the neonatal period A hepatocellular carcinoma is an adult liver tumor Constipation can present as a palpable mass in a two-year-old The age and presence of hematuria, Wilms tumor is most likely; it is the most common renal malignancy in children under five 50 year old with bilateral enlarged cystic kidneys, he most likely has A autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease B autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease C multicystic dysplastic kidney D normal for age - CORRECT ANSWER A autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease also called adult polycystic kidney disease is not found out too later life whereas Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease is less common presents earlier and progresses to end-stage renal disease usually by age 15 What is the arrow pointing to A ascites B pleural effusion C metastasis D none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER B pleural effusion A patient comes to your department and you notice exophthalmia, what is the most likely cause A Addison's disease B Graves disease C Hypertension D diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER B Graves disease Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism; the thyroid usually appears enlarged heterogeneous and with increased vascularity called thyroid inferno; early on the thyroid can be normal in appearance What is the name of this structure A pectoralis B sternocleidomastoid C orbicularis oris D trapezius - CORRECT ANSWER B sternocleidomastoid What is the most likely cause of this mass in a patient with hypercalcemia A Hashimoto's thyroiditis B papillary carcinoma C parathyroid adenoma D thyroid cyst - CORRECT ANSWER C parathyroid adenoma In the same patient they order a renal ultrasound, what can you expect to see A renal hamartoma B angiomyolipoma C glomerulonephritis D medullary nephrocalcinosis - CORRECT ANSWER D medullary nephrocalcinosis The testicle is surrounded by this fibrous membrane A Tunica albuginea B Tunica vaginalis C Tunica testicularis D none of the abovec - CORRECT ANSWER A Tunica albuginea A tubular structure in the scrotum that fills with color on Valsalva maneuver most likely represents A testicular torsion B varicocele C hydrocele D inguinal hernia - CORRECT ANSWER B varicocele testicular torsion is a twisted testicle with lack of blood flow hydrocele is fluid collection around the testicle inguinal canal can be seen going into the scrotum however it will not fill with color on Valsalva A sexually active male with right testicular pain is sent to your department what can you expect to find on his scrotal exam A testicular torsion B enlarged hyperemic epididymis C testicular tumor D none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER B enlarged hyperemic epididymis the patient has epididymitis A patient with bell clapper deformity is most likely to present with A testicular torsion B testicular pain C lack of color Doppler signal in the testis D all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER D all of the above Bell clapper deformity is when the Tunica vaginalis meets up high in the inguinal allowing the testicle to move freely and easily twists predisposing the patient to testicular torsion Cooper's ligaments are A supporting structures of the breast B divides the left and right lobe of the liver C ovarian ligament D none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER A supporting structures of the breast The most common benign breast tumor is A ductal carcinoma B galactocele C fibroadenoma D dense breast - CORRECT ANSWER C fibroadenoma You see an anechoic space at the renal pelvis, what can you do to further characterize this finding A noting its hydronephrosis B put color Doppler on it to confirm that it's not a renal vein C ask the patient to take a deep breath D scan in the prone position - CORRECT ANSWER B put color Doppler on it to confirm that it's not a renal vein While performing a renal ultrasound on a neonate you notice a linear hypoechoic structure superior to the kidney, this represents a A renal lipoma B adrenal hemorrhage C normal adrenal gland D gallbladder - CORRECT ANSWER C normal adrenal gland In a transverse view of the neck what vessel is located anterolateral to the carotid A superior thyroid artery B internal jugular vein C external jugular vein D external carotid artery - CORRECT ANSWER B internal jugular vein What vessel is this A internal carotid artery B external carotid artery C vertebral artery D internal jugular vein - CORRECT ANSWER B external carotid artery temporal tap is a technique that can be used to differentiate external from internal carotid artery While doing a lower extremity venous duplex you notice a non-pulsatile cystic lesion in the popliteal fossa. What is the most likely diagnosis A popliteal aneurysm B DVT C Baker's cyst D none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER C Baker's cyst popliteal aneurysm can appear as a cystic mass in the popliteal fossa but it is usually pulsatile and fills with color Doppler DVT is usually non compressible within the vein Which prostate zone contains approximately 70% of the prostatic volume in a young adult A peripheral zone B transition zone C central zone D retrovesical zone - CORRECT ANSWER A peripheral zone The bulk of the prostate gland is contained within the peripheral zone. The transition zone is the site of benign prostatic hypertrophy. The majority of prostate cancers originate in the peripheral zone, whereas only 5 and 10 percent originate from the central and transition zones, respectively. You start a renal exam the right renal fossa is empty, what should you do next A panic B it's renal agenesis C scan the right lower quadrant and pelvis D turn the patient left lateral decubitus - CORRECT ANSWER C scan the RLQ and pelvis to look for an ectopic kidney What is the normal measurement of the gallbladder wall A > 3mm B < 3mm C > 4mm D < 4mm - CORRECT ANSWER B < 3mm What kind of flow is seen here A low resistance B high resistance C plug flow D tardus parvus - CORRECT ANSWER A low resistance What artifact is shown in this image A comet tail B side lobe C mirror image D reverberation - CORRECT ANSWER C mirror image A nodular liver surface is most indicative of A hepatitis B cirrhosis C infarction D liver transplant - CORRECT ANSWER B cirrhosis What is the most likely diagnosis in this adolescent patient A hemangioma B mastitis C fibroadenoma D breast cyst - CORRECT ANSWER C fibroadenoma You scan a 52 year old with a history of alcohol abuse, while scanning the right upper quadrant you realize you're having trouble seeing the right kidney what can you do to optimize this study A use a 2 megahertz transducer B use color Doppler C scan the patient prone D nothing - CORRECT ANSWER A use a 2 megahertz transducer (more penetration) the patient probably has fatty liver which causes attenuation of the sound beam What is it called when there are multiple punctuate echogenicities in the testicle A torsion B testicular lymphoma C seminoma D Microlithiasis - CORRECT ANSWER D Microlithiasis The microliths are clearly identified as hyperechoic foci which do not demonstrate posterior acoustic shadowing, less than 3mm in size. The widely accepted definition of testicular microlithiasis is where five or more foci of microcalcifications are seen in a field of view. Testicular microlithiasis is a condition of unknown aetiology where calcium deposits form in the lumina of seminiferous tubules or arise from the tubular basement membrane components. Annual ultrasound should only be performed in patients who have an independent risk factor for developing a germ cell tumour. While scanning a patient you see a large tumor in the kidney, what vessels would be appropriate to scan A renal arteries in aorta B renal vein and IVC C both D none - CORRECT ANSWER B renal vein and IVC Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can invade through the renal vein into the inferior vena cava (IVC), and can then extend intraluminally, with tumor-thrombus formation occurring in 5%-15% of all cases while the tumor may extend up to the right cardiac chambers in 1% of cases. What symptoms correspond to this image A right upper quadrant postprandial pain B left upper quadrant positional pain C right lower quadrant pain and vomiting D epigastric pain - CORRECT ANSWER C right lower quadrant pain and vomiting What is the most likely presenting diagnosis in this patient A asymptomatic B flank pain C lower abdominal pain D gross hematuria E B, C and D - CORRECT ANSWER E B, C and D this patient has a stone in the proximal ureter near that ureteral pelvic junction which can cause hematuria abdominal pain and flank pain You scan a patient with hypertension. What does this image show A renal artery stenosis B occluded renal artery C renal vein thrombosis D normal grayscale renal artery - CORRECT ANSWER D normal grayscale renal artery This transverse image at the lower abdomen shows A crossed fused renal ectopia B Wilms tumor C horseshoe kidney D situs inversus - CORRECT ANSWER C horseshoe kidney If you scan the bladder in this patient what are you likely to see A tumor B absent right ureteral jet C appendicitis D none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER B absent right ureteral jet What is the name of this sign A wall-to-wall sign B wall echo shadow sign C wall brightness sign D none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER B wall echo shadow sign A hypoechoic nodule posterior to the SMA most likely represents A stenosis B hemangioma C retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy D SMA syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER C retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy What can you do in this longitudinal image to better identify this linear structure behind the thyroid A use a lower megahertz transducer B have the patient swallow C use a standoff pad D have the patient take a deep breath - CORRECT ANSWER B have the patient swallow this is the esophagus posterior to the thyroid In the liver, the remnant of the umbilical vein is A ligamentum venosum B ligamentum teres C falciform ligament D quadrate ligament - CORRECT ANSWER B ligamentum teres