1. Cancer development
- -steps of cell growth
-malignant vs. benign
-S/S
-staging (TNM)
2. Initiation (Steps of cell growth)
- -this is an irreversible event
-that can lead to cancer development
-this can happen
...
1. Cancer development
- -steps of cell growth
-malignant vs. benign
-S/S
-staging (TNM)
2. Initiation (Steps of cell growth)
- -this is an irreversible event
-that can lead to cancer development
-this can happen due to the presence of carcinogens (cancer causing agents i.e. cxm.,
physical agents (barret's epithelium in the esophagus), or viruses (HPV)
3. Promotion (Steps of cell growth)
- -refers to the enhanced growth of a cell by substances known as promoters
-hormones (especially estrogen), body proteins i.e. insulin
-causes the malignant cells to divide more rapidly & become a tumor
-the period between initiation & growth into a tumor called the latency period-can
range from months to yrs.
4. Progression (Steps of cell growth)
- -is the continued change of cancer making it more malignant
-after a tumor grows to 1cm-it has at least 1 billion cells
-once it begins to build its own blood supply, it becomes a health problem
-as tumors grow they contain less and less normal cells
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5. Metastasis (steps of cell growth)
- development of secondary malignant growth somewhere else other than the primary
site
6. Malignant
- -indicates cancer
-serious leads to death without intervention
-cells invade the surrounding tissue.
-malignant tumors arise from epithelial cells of the skin, lungs, liver, kidneys, stomach,
breast, prostate & thyroid- these tumors are called CARCINOMAS
-malignant transformation refers to the process in which regular cells are changed into
cancer cells (this occurs through loss of cellular regulation)
-so cells become damaged & divide rapidly & in an unorderly fashion
-serve no useful function
7. Benign
- -harmless, does not usually require intervention
-normal cells grow in the wrong place or time, but do not invade surrounding tissue
-benign tumor cells (moles, uterine fibroid tumors, skin tags, endometriosis, nasal
polyps)
-benign tumors continue to produce fibronectin which keeps them tightly adhered to
each other.
8. 7 S/S of cancer
- C=changes in bowel or bladder habits
A=a sore that does not heal
U=unusual bleeding or discharge
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