100% CORRECT LATES TESTED Pscyh 2035 Entire Course.pdf

1.1 The Paradox of Progress 1. Modern technology saves us time, but we complain about having no time We have many life choices but suffer from costs associated with choice overload and we struggle to decide 2. 3. Ex ...

1.1 The Paradox of Progress 1. Modern technology saves us time, but we complain about having no time We have many life choices but suffer from costs associated with choice overload and we struggle to decide 2. 3. Extraordinary affluence but most are not financially comfortable. Three Examples of the Paradox of Progress An obsession with self improvement undermines individuals' sense of security and satisfaction with their identity • • More time with tech than real people • Affluenza - need to accumulate stuff The technological advances have not increase our health of happiness. • Struggling with identity, set of values, clear vision of the future1.2 The Search for Direction Self-Help Books ○ Hopelessly vague language 1. Psychobable ○ Interventions with professionals doesn't have the same benefits when performed alone 2. Sales > Scientific Soundness ○ Describe a common problem that many experience - strikes a responsive chord 3. No Explicit Direction on how to change behaviour Narcissism is a personality trait marked by an inflated sense of importance, need for attention and admiration, a sense of entitlement, and a tendency to exploit others ○ ○ Me first philosophy 4. Encourage a self-centered, narcissistic approach to life Four Fundamental Shortcomings 1. Books that do not promise and that are realistic about the challenges of behaviour change 2. Good credentials 3. Theoretical or research based evidence for the program they are advocating 4. Detailed, explicit direction on how to alter your behaviour 5. Has only one focus point, rather than many What to Look For 1.3 The Psychology of Adjustment What is Psychology? Psychology: science that studies behaviour and the physiological and mental processes that underlie it, and it is the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems. Behaviour: is an overt/observable response or activity of the organism. Chapter 1: Adjusting to Modern Life September 10, 2017 1:22 AM Entire COurse Page 1• Is not confined to human study, prefer animals for more control Behaviour: is an overt/observable response or activity of the organism. • Represented through psych services available to the public I.e Clinical Psychology - concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders • Applied side What is Adjustment? • Coined from adaptation - efforts to change to the changing environment Adjustment is the psychological processes through which people manage or cope with the demands and challenges of everyday life. 1.4 The Scientific Approach to Behaviour Conclusions are based on systemic observation rather than reasoning, speculation, traditional beliefs and common sense • • Two main types: experimental and correlation Empiricism is the premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation Hindsight Bias: tendency to exaggerate one's ability to have foreseen how something turned out Experimental Research If the experimental and control groups alike in every way except for the treatment from the independent variable • • If a difference is the dependent variable is found • The difference in their response must be due to the IV Experimental Research: method where one variable is manipulated (independent) in a controlled condition to observe changes in the second variable (dependent) Entire COurse Page 2Independent and Dependent Variables Independent Variable: condition or event that an experimenter varies in order to see its impact on another Dependent Variable: the variable that is thought to be affected by the manipulation of the independent variable. Groups Experimental Group: subjects who receive the special treatment in regards to the independent variable Control Group: do not receive the special treatment given to the experimental group. If the two groups are alike in everything except the treatment, than the treatment is responsible for the variation. Advantages and Disadvantages • Cause and effect between variables conclusion • Precise control allows isolation of the relationship between variables Advantage: • Some variables cannot be manipulated because of ethical concerns • May not be generalizable Disadvantage: Correlational Research: Looking for Links • Cannot control the variables in the study Correlation exists when two variables are related to each other Measuring Correlation ○ Close the correlation coefficient is to |1.00| 1. How strongly related two variables are ○ Positive = same direction ○ Negative=opposite direction 2. Direction of the relationship