Abnormal Psychology Final Quiz

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Abnormal Psychology Final Quiz 1. In Jill's psychotherapy sessions the therapist has been using systematic desensitization to gradually make her more comfortable with social situations. Similar t ... o the treatments used for individuals with social phobia, the therapist has given Jill homework assignments that require her to practice talking to strangers, join informal groups, and speak in front of small groups. Most likely she is being treated for _____ personality disorder. antisocial dependent avoidant histrionic 2. The "pleasure pathways," or internal reward centers, in the human brain are primarily made up of: dopamine-sensitive neurons serotonin-sensitive neurons both of these neither of these 3. From a physiological perspective, the reason that a nicotine addict smokes cigarettes frequently throughout the day is to prevent withdrawal symptoms, which include all of the following EXCEPT: irritability weight loss depression difficulty concentrating 4. All of the following occur in persons who are alcohol dependent for even short periods of time EXCEPT: blackouts and/or seizures hallucinations memory loss dementia 5. All of the following are necessary conditions for the diagnosis of personality disorder EXCEPT: patient feeling of distress pervasive pattern of behavior maladaptive functioning chronic 6. One of the parental factors that appears to contribute significantly to early adolescent drug use is: parents who are over-involved in the children's lives expecting children to achieve in school parents who spend little time monitoring their children parents having experimented with drugs during their own youth 7. Lenny is 25 years old and had multiple arrests for assaults, theft and drugs. He has hurt strangers, friends, and family and has never shown any remorse or regret. Following his last arrest, Lenny met with a social worker who told him about antisocial personality disorder; he is now convinced that is "what's wrong" with him. Lenny recently went to a local community mental health center and asked to be treated by a psychotherapist. The problem with this story is that: individuals with antisocial personality disorder do not generally seek treatment Lenny has misdiagnosed himself since his behaviors are more typical of conduct disorder the drug use does not fit the pattern of antisocial personality disorder the description does not fit any known personality disorder 8. In behavioral terms drugs like aspirin are considered negative reinforces because they: make a person feel good stop a person from feeling pain have toxic effects on the nervous system can cause frequent users to become dependent on them 9. Jill has been in treatment for anorexia for the past two months. Over this time she has gained weight to the point where her weight is in the average range for women of her height. The fact that she has gained weight fairly quickly in treatment means: her prognosis for a full recovery is very good she is probably in need of little, if any, more treatment she has completed the most difficult part of her treatment little in terms of how likely she is to be successful in the long-term 10. Greg and Diana often begin their sexual activity with Greg putting on a striptease show for Diana. They both report great satisfaction and excitement with this activity. In fact, Greg says that he gets aroused by exposing himself, and Diana reports getting aroused when she watches him undress. Which of the following statements is true? Greg is an exhibitionist, and Diana is a voyeur. Greg is a voyeur, and Diana is an exhibitionist. Both Diana and Greg have nonspecific fetishes because they admit to getting sexually excited by their atypical behaviors. Neither Greg nor Diana should be diagnosed with a fetish because these behaviors involve consenting individuals. 11. Sam sleeps for eight or more hours every night but never feels rested. He can't understand why he is always tired despite the fact that he reports no difficulties with the quality or quantity of his sleep. Of the following, Sam's most likely diagnosis is: hypersomnia sleep apnea narcolepsy non-specific parasomnia 12. Eating disorders are most prevalent in Western cultures where food is scarce. Western cultures where food is plentiful. Non-Western cultures where food is scarce. Non-Western cultures where food is plentiful. 13. The criminal behavior of those diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder tends to: Continue to increase throughout the lifespan. increase dramatically at about age 30. decline significantly around age 40. remain stable throughout the lifespan. 14. Benzodiazepine medication is not recommended as a long-term solution for the treatment of insomnia because of: the addictive properties of these medications rebound insomnia that occurs after the medication is discontinued excessive sleepiness that may persist during the day a and b above all of the above 15. Data from research studies on gender differences in human sexuality (Peplau, 2003) reflect all of the following themes EXCEPT: men show more sexual desire and arousal than women men emphasize committed relationships more than women men's self-concept is characterized in part by power, aggression and independence women's sexual beliefs are more influenced by cultural, social and situational factors 16. One reason that it is difficult to provide a precise diagnosis of premature ejaculation is that: the concept of "too soon" is dependent on the individual and the couple most men are too ashamed to admit the problem women generally are reluctant to tell their partners of the problem men are often unaware of what is considered "normal" 17. The authors of your textbook suggest that one of the most effective treatments for many sexual dysfunctions is: exploration of the patient's sexual orientation improving the relationship with the patient's partner education regarding normal sexuality anti-anxiety medication 18. The data regarding treatment outcomes for individuals with paranoid personality disorder: indicate clients do not remain in therapy long enough for treatment success. suggest that treatment can only be successful if the patient remains in therapy for a minimum of one year. indicate the cognitive therapy is effective in most cases. demonstrate that strict behavioral approaches are effective. 19. The reason that sadistic rape is not classified as a paraphilia is that: rapists usually are diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. the attacks are better characterized as an assault that is opportunistic and not a result of the rapist's pattern of sexual arousal it does not involve consenting parties a crime is committed 20. Tim's need to increase his alcohol intake to maintain the same effect is called: tolerance intoxication withdrawal a hangover 21. The American Psychiatric Association defines substance abuse in terms of: how drunk or intoxicated a person gets after ingesting a psychoactive substance whether or not the substance interferes with the person's life the type and intensity of the substance abusers biological reaction which drug is used and whether it is legal or illegal 22. The most common reason that anorexics generally do not seek treatment on their own is that they: are ashamed of their disorder fear that they will be hospitalized do not see themselves as too thin have little desire for food 23. Gender identity disorder is diagnosed when: an individual receives sexual pleasure from cross-dressing. a person's physical sex is inconsistent with the person's emotional and psychological identity. an individual is born with ambiguous genitalia. all of these are correct. 24. One psychological aspect of voyeurism and exhibitionism that seems to contribute to maintenance of the disordered behavior is: thrill about the risk of getting caught knowledge that getting caught is a rare occurrence a desire to hurt victims a feeling that victims enjoy being subjected to this behavior 25. What explains the apparent stimulation, feeling of well being, and outgoing behavior that occur as the initial effects of alcohol ingestion? depression of the inhibitory centers of the brain activation of the inhibitory centers of the brain depression of the autonomic nervous system stimulation of the autonomic nervous system 26. Many clinicians suggest that the most difficult part of treatment for anorexia, and the part of treatment where many anorexics are not successful, is: initial weight gain admitting that there is a problem and agreeing to begin treatment changing their attitudes regarding body and self image when they become bulimic 27. Eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia are generally "blamed" on culture and society. At the same time, there appears to be a genetic influence as well. Explain how culture and genetics may interact in the development of anorexia and bulimia. 28. Which of the following is true regarding drugs currently available for the treatment of paraphilias? the drugs eliminate sexual desire but are only effective while they are being taken the drugs reduce sex drive and continue to be effective long after the patient stops the medication the drugs dramatically reduce sex drive but have side effects that make them harmful to many patients they produce a "chemical castration" that effectively eliminates all sex drive permanently so that the patient will never desire sex even after discontinuing the medication 29. The most common of the psychoactive substances, used by 90 percent of Americans, is nicotine. caffeine. marijuana. opium. 30. One of the major differences between individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is the patients with the personality disorder generally: have more obsessive thoughts show more compulsive and ritualistic behaviors do not have obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors have multiple diagnoses 31. In terms of feelings of inadequacy, sensitivity to criticism and need for reassurance, individuals with ____ personality disorder and _____ personality disorder are quite similar. dependent; avoidant dependent; schizoid schizoid; avoidant histrionic; antisocial 32. Which of the following might help to explain the vast differences in the incidence of eating disorders among men and women? the influence of behavioral genetics the fact that boys are encouraged to play sports and girls to be active in social functions the fact that puberty brings boys' bodies closer to the societal ideal and girls' bodies further from the societal ideal the differences in the ways boys and girls tend to gain weight from overeating 33. Explain why we might see a marriage between a man with narcissistic personality disorder and a woman with dependent personality disorder. Assume that the woman enters therapy and successfully becomes more independent. Predict how her narcissistic husband might react to her improvement and growing independence. . 34. Just the thought of sex makes Harry anxious. When exposed to sexual images, he reports feeling disgusted. Harry would most likely be diagnosed with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. hyperactive sexual desire disorder. sexual aversion disorder. gender identity disorder. 35. Samantha started having difficulty falling asleep during final exam week. Although exams are over, she now starts to worry about sleep right after dinner. Even the sight of her bed makes her very anxious. The fact that Samantha's insomnia continues long after the stress of exams is over points to the role of _____ in the maintenance of sleep disorders. biology other medical conditions learning unknown factors 36. Individuals who experience loss of control of their eating and consume great quantities of food but do not engage in any attempts to compensate for their binge would be diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. binge eating disorder. obsessive-compulsive disorder. buffet disorder 37. Amy quickly becomes the center of attention when she enters a room. She is a tall and attractive young woman who generally wears something striking. Amy is known as a flirt and acts in a seductive manner around men. When Amy speaks, she uses very exaggerated terms, even when describing relatively ordinary situations. Amy's diagnosis is most likely _____personality disorder. narcissistic borderline histrionic dependent [Show More]

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