APhA Pharmacist Based Immunizations 27 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT

APhA Pharmacist Based Immunizations 27 Questions with Verified Answers Innate Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER Physical barriers Physiologic factors (pH, temperature, stomach acid) Protein secretions Inflammation proces ...

APhA Pharmacist Based Immunizations 27 Questions with Verified Answers Innate Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER Physical barriers Physiologic factors (pH, temperature, stomach acid) Protein secretions Inflammation process Immune system cell circulating from previous exposures Innate Immunity--Macrophages - CORRECT ANSWER Recognize antigen as foreign Engulf antigen Break it down Deliver to helper T cells which release cytokines Acquired (Adaptive) Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER T Cells (cellular immunity) Types of T Cells - CORRECT ANSWER Helper T Cells Cytotoxic T Cells Helper T Cells - CORRECT ANSWER Attach to antigen Releases cytokines (messengers) Generates B-cell response Cytotoxic T cells - CORRECT ANSWER Attaches to antigen and destroys it B Cells (humoral immunity) - CORRECT ANSWER Circulates from bone marrow Mature to antibody producing cells (plasma cells) Some cells remain circulating (memory cells) Vaccines & The Immune Response - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Vaccines contain antigens 2. Antigens evoke immune response 3. T cells & B cells are activated--produce antibodies 4. Antibodies attack & destroy antigens 5. Memory B & T cells are formed Types of vaccines - CORRECT ANSWER Live Attenuated Vaccines Inactivated vaccines Live Attenuated Vaccines - CORRECT ANSWER Made from viruses or bacteria Must replicate to work *Replication mimics natural infection, which stimulates immune response Inactivated vaccines - CORRECT ANSWER Made from viruses or bacteria Various fractions: subversions, subunits, polysaccharides, toxoids, recombinant antigens Do not replicate because they are killed Antigen load stimulates immune response Polysaccharide Vaccines - CORRECT ANSWER Stimulate T-cell independent immunity Stimulate B cells without assistance of helper T cells Short-lived immunity No booster effect Not consistently immunogenic in children younger than 2 years Conjugate Polysaccharide Vaccines - CORRECT ANSWER Stimulate T-cell dependent immunity Helper T cells involved Produce immunologic memory Result in booster effect upon subsequent exposure Increased immunogenicity in children younger than 2 years Minimum dosing interval between 2 inactivated vaccines - CORRECT ANSWER No minimum Minimum dosing interval between inactivated and activated vaccines - CORRECT ANSWER No minimum Minimum dosing interval between 2 live vaccines, if not simultaneous - CORRECT ANSWER 28 days (4 weeks) Minimum dosing interval between inactivated vaccines and antibodies - CORRECT ANSWER No minimum Minimum dosing interval between live vaccines followed by products - CORRECT ANSWER 2 weeks Minimum dosing interval between loos product given before live vaccines - CORRECT ANSWER Varies--look it up Minimum dosing interval between live vaccine followed by PPD skin test - CORRECT ANSWER 28-days Minimum dosing interval between PPD skin test followed by live vaccine - CORRECT ANSWER Administer vaccine after PPD skin test has been read What happens if the interval between vaccine doses in a series is decreased - CORRECT ANSWER Decreasing the interval between doses may interfere with antibody response and protection What happens if the interval between vaccine doses in a series is increased - CORRECT ANSWER Does not reduce vaccine effectiveness but it does delay protection for the patient General Rule on Contraindications - CORRECT ANSWER condition increase risk of ADE likely to harm patient sever allergy (anaphylaxis) False Contraindications - CORRECT ANSWER Minor illness Allergies to products not in vaccine, or that are not life threatening pregnancy in the household Breast Feeding (even rubella) Premature Birth (Don't adjust for gestations) Tdap and pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER 20 weeks gestation (ideally 27-36 weeks) Vaccines and pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER Encourage vaccines BEFORE pregnancy Tdap and inactivated influenza during pregnancy