Elsevier Hesi A2 A&P Practice 184 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT

Elsevier Hesi A2 A&P Practice 184 Questions with Verified Answers In which of the following locations would the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs be found? 1. Thoracic cavity 2. Mediastinum 3 ...

Elsevier Hesi A2 A&P Practice 184 Questions with Verified Answers In which of the following locations would the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs be found? 1. Thoracic cavity 2. Mediastinum 3. Abdominal cavity 4. Pelvic cavity - CORRECT ANSWER 4. Pelvic cavity Which tissue serves as the framework of the body by providing support and structure for the organs? 1. Epithelial 2. Connective 3. Nervous 4. Muscle - CORRECT ANSWER 2. Connective What are the glands of skin that produce a thin, watery secretion? 1. Sebaceous glands 2. Eccrine glands 3. Apocrine glands 4. Endocrine glands - CORRECT ANSWER 2. Eccrine glands You have been given a sample of tissue that has open spaces partially filled by an assemblage of needle-like structures. What is the tissue? 1. Spongy bone 2. Compact bone 3. Cartilage 4. Adipose tissue - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Spongy bone Which mineral is responsible for regulating fluid in the body? 1. Chloride 2. Sodium 3. Calcium 4. Magnesium - CORRECT ANSWER 2. Sodium All actions of the nervous system depend on the transmission of nerve impulses over which of the following? 1. Neuroglia 2. Efferent pathways 3. Afferent pathways 4. Neurons - CORRECT ANSWER 4. Neurons Which leukocytes are correctly matched with their function or description? (Select all that apply.) 1. Monocytes—become macrophages 2. Basophils—the most common type of WBC 3. Lymphocytes—important in immune response 4. Neutrophils—phagocytize microorganisms - CORRECT ANSWER 1, 3, and 4 Which of the following is the blood vessel where exchanges take place between blood and the cells of the body? 1. Artery 2. Vein 3. Capillary 4. Arteriole - CORRECT ANSWER 3. Capillary In order for inhalation to occur, what must happen? 1. Contraction of the diaphragm, which decreases the volume of the chest cavity and draws air into the lungs 2. Contraction of the diaphragm, which enlarges the chest cavity and draws air into the lungs 3. Recoil of the lungs as the respiratory muscles contract and the thorax decreases in size 4. Recoil of the lungs as the respiratory muscles relax and the thorax decreases in size - CORRECT ANSWER 2. Contraction of the diaphragm, which enlarges the chest cavity and draws air into the lungs Which are the functional units of the kidney? 1. Ureters 2. Glomeruli 3. Nephrons 4. Renal capsules - CORRECT ANSWER 3. Nephrons What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity? 1. Diaphragm 2. Mediastinum 3. Liver 4. Lungs - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Diaphragm What is the basic unit of life and the building block of tissues and organs? 1. Atom 2. Organelle 3. Cell 4. DNA - CORRECT ANSWER 3. Cell Which of the following are functions of the skeletal system? (Select all that apply.) 1. Support the body 2. Hemopoiesis 3. Conduct impulses 4. Provide protection - CORRECT ANSWER 1, 2, and 4 Why are skeletal muscles also called voluntary muscles? 1. They are under conscious control. 2. They are attached to the skeleton. 3. They use ATP to energize contraction. 4. They are striated in appearance. - CORRECT ANSWER 1. They are under conscious control. Motor or ____________ neurons transmit nerve impulses away from the CNS. 1. afferent 2. efferent 3. central 4. peripheral - CORRECT ANSWER 2. efferent What are chemical messengers that control growth, differentiation, and the metabolism of specific target cells called? 1. Hormones 2. Neurons 3. Glands 4. Second messengers - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Hormones What is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the alveoli called? 1. External respiration 2. Internal respiration 3. Inhalation 4. Cellular respiration - CORRECT ANSWER 1. External respiration Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood does which of the following? 1. It is carried in solution or bound to blood proteins. 2. It is carried on hemoglobin. 3. It is converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase within red blood cells. 4. It is converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase within the plasma. - CORRECT ANSWER 3. It is converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase within red blood cells. The stomach muscle churns and mixes food, turning the mass into a soupy substance called which of the following? 1. Bolus 2. Bile 3. Chyme 4. Feces - CORRECT ANSWER 3. Chyme What are the two functions of the male and female sex organs? 1. Production of all cells and production of hormones 2. Production of interstitial cells and production of hormones 3. Production of gametes and production of hormones 4. Production of gametes and production of interstitial cells - CORRECT ANSWER 3. Production of gametes and production of hormones Which of the following statements is anatomically correct? 1. the knee is distal to the ankle 2. the heart is inferior to the diaphragm 3. the hip is proximal to the knee 4. the wrist is proximal to the elbow - CORRECT ANSWER 3. the hip is proximal to the knee If you wanted to separate the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity, which plane would you use? 1. sagittal 2. transverse 3. frontal 4. coronal - CORRECT ANSWER 2. transverse you have been given a sample of tissue that has pillar shaped cells arranged tightly together. the tissue you have is: 1. squamous epithelium 2. cuboidal epithelium 3. columnar epithelium 4. transitional epithelium - CORRECT ANSWER 3. columnar epithelium the epidermis is classified as an: 1. cell 2. tissue 3. organ 4. system - CORRECT ANSWER 2. tissue within which layer of the skin does mitosis occur? 1. stratum lucidum 2. stratum granulosum 3. stratum corneum 4. stratum germinativium - CORRECT ANSWER 4. stratum germinativium the orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the middle region of the humerus. what area is he describing? 1. epiphysis 2. articular cartilage 3. perichondrium 4. diaphysis - CORRECT ANSWER 4. diaphysis going from superior to inferior, the sequence of the vertebral column is what? (5 total) - CORRECT ANSWER cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx the cells that form compact bone are called: 1. osteoclasts 2. neuroglia 3. osteoblasts 4. cancellous - CORRECT ANSWER 3. osteoblasts which of the following is true of skeletal muscle? 1. skeletal muscle comprises 10% of the body's weight 2. skeletal muscle attaches to bones by tendons 3. muscle contraction helps keep the body warm 4. skeletal muscles continuously contract to maintain posture - CORRECT ANSWER 2, 3, and 4 what is needed for a muscle cell to contract? - CORRECT ANSWER calcium and ATP if an impulse of traveling from a sense receptor toward the spinal cord, it is traveling along what type of neuron? 1. motor (efferent) neuron 2. sensory (afferent) neuron 3. interneuron 4. bipolar neuron - CORRECT ANSWER 2. sensory (afferent) neuron what does the parathyroid hormone regulate? 1. magnesium 2. calcium 3. calcitonin 4. glucocorticoids - CORRECT ANSWER 2. calcium where are the pressoreceptors and chemoreceptors located? 1. circle of willis 2. cerebral arteries 3. abdominal aorta 4. carotid body - CORRECT ANSWER 4. carotid body bile is secreted into what organ? 1. small intestine 2. liver 3. large intestine 4. stomach - CORRECT ANSWER 1. small intestine what is the role of progesterone in the female reproductive system? 1. stimulates ovulation 2. conversion of the follicle to the corpus luteum 3. stimulates the development of the endometrium 4. stimulates the start of menstruation - CORRECT ANSWER 3. stimulates the development of the endometrium cells found on internal surface of stomach, no extracellular matric, cells tall and thin, no blood vessels in the tissue: what type of tissue is this? 1. epithelial 2. connective 3. muscle 4. cartilage 5. nervous - CORRECT ANSWER 1. epithelial which of the following proteins catalyzes different reactions or processes? 1. keratin 2. hormone 3. enzyme 4. collagen - CORRECT ANSWER 3. enzyme how do phospholipids function in cells? 1. they are integral components of the plasma membrane 2. they are integral components of the nuclear membrane 3. they are integral components of the mitochondrial membrane 4. they are integral components of the cytoplasmic skeleton - CORRECT ANSWER 1. they are integral components of the plasma membrane which of the following describes carbohydrates? 1. they serve as fuel for the body 2. they are present in DNA but not in RNA 3. they are the least abundant biomolecule 4. they cannot be stored in the body - CORRECT ANSWER 1. they serve as fuel for the body which of the biologic molecules are considered the most significant contributors to cellular function? 1. carbohydrates 2. lipids 3. proteins 4.. nucleic acids - CORRECT ANSWER 3. proteins nerve tissue is composed of neurons and connective tissue cells that are referred to as which of the following? 1. osteoblasts 2. neuroglia 3. osteocytes 4. arterioles - CORRECT ANSWER 2. neuroglia in what area of the body would you expect to find an especially thick stratum corneum? 1. back of hand 2. heel of foot 3. abdomen 4. over the shin - CORRECT ANSWER 2. heel of foot testicular activity in under the control of which hormone(s)? 1. FSH 2. LH 3. GH 4. Both FSH & LH - CORRECT ANSWER 4. Both FSH & LH which hormone initiates the preparation of the endometrium of the uterus for pregnancy? 1. FSH 2. Estrogen 3. LH 4. Progesterone - CORRECT ANSWER 2. Estrogen Jeffrey has contracted bulbar poliomyelitis, and it has affected the medulla oblongata. The doctors warned the family that his condition is grave and death may be imminent. What functions of the medulla oblongata have warranted such a dire prognosis? 1. the medulla oblongata contains vital centers that control heart action, blood vessel diameter, and respiration 2. the medulla oblongata contains neural connections of the reticular-activating system 3. the medulla oblongata contains the pineal gland, which controls the vital centers 4. the medulla oblongata contains the corpora quadrigemina, which controls the neural transmission of impulses along the spinal cord - CORRECT ANSWER 1. the medulla oblongata contains vital centers that control heart action, blood vessel diameter, and respiration what is the cytoplasm of each muscle fiber filled with? 1. tissues 2. sarcomeres 3. myofibrils 4. myofibers - CORRECT ANSWER 3. myofibrils what is the innermost layer of the epidermis? 1. stratum lucidum 2. stratum basale 3. stratum spinosum 4. stratum granulosum - CORRECT ANSWER 2. stratum basale __________ and ___________approaches may be used to study gross anatomy. 1. systematic; developmental 2 microscopic; developmental 3. systematic; regional 4. regional; microscopic - CORRECT ANSWER 3. systematic; regional ___________ is found in the outer layer of skin, lining of organs, blood and lymph vessels and body cavities. 1. muscle tissue 2. epithelial tissue 3. nervous tissue 4. connective tissue - CORRECT ANSWER 2. epithelial tissue where are accessory bones most commonly found? 1. legs 2. fingers 3. neck 4. feet - CORRECT ANSWER 4. feet What is not a factor that inhibits GH secretion? 1. hyperglycemia 2. REM sleep 3. elevated plasma levels of amino acids 4. cortisol - CORRECT ANSWER 3. elevated plasma levels of amino acids _______act as levers that are pulled by contraction of muscles. 1. flat bones 2. long bones 3. short bones 4. irregular bones - CORRECT ANSWER 2. long bones which layer is next to the stratum corneum? 1. stratum lucidum 2. stratum granulosum 3.stratum basale 4. stratum spinosum - CORRECT ANSWER 1. stratum lucidum which part of the skin is called the subcutaneous layer? 1. dermis 2. hypodermis 3. alpha dermis 4. epidermis - CORRECT ANSWER 2. hypodermis what is another name for frontal plane? 1. oblique 2. coronal 3. median 4. horizontal - CORRECT ANSWER 2. coronal what is another name for median plane? 1. oblique 2. coronal 3. sagittal 4. vertical - CORRECT ANSWER 3. sagittal covering and lining epithelium is not grouped into _________ according to arrangement of layers. 1. pseudo-stratified epithelium 2. stratified epithelium 3. simple epithelium 4. connective epithelium - CORRECT ANSWER 4. connective epithelium what structural level comes after chemical level? 1. tissue 2. organ system 3. organ 4. cellular - CORRECT ANSWER 4. cellular what are connecting and central neurons also called? 1. sensory neurons 2. motor neurons 3. afferent neurons 4. interneurons - CORRECT ANSWER 4. interneurons which part of the skin has no blood supply? 1. dermis 2. hypodermis 3. alpha dermis 4. epidermis - CORRECT ANSWER 4. epidermis the three kinds of membranes are.... 1. mucous, serous, and nerve 2. mucous, serous, and synovial 3. nerve, serous, and synovial 4. mucous, nerve, and synovial - CORRECT ANSWER 2. mucous, serous, and synovial connective tissues of the body are classified into ______ connective tissue and __________ connective tissue. 1. embryonic, adult 2. transitional, developmental 3. multicultural, adult 4. developmental, embryonic - CORRECT ANSWER 1. embryonic, adult which is not one of the functional classifications of neurons? 1. interneurons 2. motor neurons 3. accessory neurons 4. sensory neurons - CORRECT ANSWER 3. accessory neurons which complex protein are thin myofilaments composed of? 1. myofibrils 2. sarcomere 3. actin 4. myosin - CORRECT ANSWER 3. actin --------> there two types of myofilaments: thick filaments, composed primarily of the contractile protein myosin, and thin filaments, composed primarily of the contractile protein actin. Which arm bone is most proximal to the shoulder? 1. radius 2. ulna 3. humerus 4. carpal - CORRECT ANSWER 3. humerus somatotropin is secreted by the ________ 1. pituitary gland 2. adrenal glands 3. hypothalamus 4. thyroid1 - CORRECT ANSWER 1. pituitary gland which is an anterior muscle? 1. gluteus maximus 2. quadriceps femoris 3. biceps femoris 4. adductor magnus - CORRECT ANSWER 2. quadriceps femoris how might the headrest on a car prevent traumatic injury? 1. by limiting hyperflexion of the neck 2. by limiting hyperextension of the neck 3. by reducing vertebral compression 4. by preventing disc degeneration - CORRECT ANSWER 2. by limiting hyperextension of the neck which might you expect to see in a whiplash injury? 1. cardiopulmonary problems 2. side to side spinal curvature 3. eventual herniation of discs 4. traumatic injury to ligaments - CORRECT ANSWER 4. traumatic injury to ligaments muscle contractions that normally move food along the human digestive system are known as ______ 1. defecation 2. osmosis 3. peristalsis 4. circulation - CORRECT ANSWER 3. peristalsis which type of nutrient does not provide the body with energy? 1. vitamin 2. carbohydrate 3. fat 4. protein - CORRECT ANSWER 1. vitamin where would you be likely to find a Schwaan cell? 1. digestive system 2. nervous system 3. skeletal system 4 muscular system - CORRECT ANSWER 2. nervous system how does the nervous system work with the muscular system? 1. the muscles of the body produce chemicals that feed the nerves s 2. the nervous system tells the muscles how to respond to the environment 3. the nervous system releases chemicals that move excess waste from muscles 4. the muscular system provides input that allows the nerves to make decisions - CORRECT ANSWER 2. the nervous system tells the muscles how to respond to the environment which part of the nervous system includes the femoral, radial, and ulnar nerves? 1. somatic 2. autonomic 3. sympathetic 4. parasympathetic - CORRECT ANSWER 1. somatic where might a herniated lumbar disc be most likely to create pain? 1. along the radial nerve 2. within the spinal cord 3. along the sciatic nerve 4. along the tibial nerve - CORRECT ANSWER 3. along the sciatic nerve what is the name of the bone in the human thigh? 1. ulna 2. radius 3. femur 4. humerus - CORRECT ANSWER 3. femur of the following processes, which one is a different level of defense from the others? 1. a low pH in the stomach 2. cilia present in the trachea 3. body cells recognizing a pathogen 4. mucus present in the nasal cavity - CORRECT ANSWER 3. body cells recognizing a pathogen which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating muscle growth? 1. skeletal system 2. endocrine system 3. nervous system 4. reproductive system - CORRECT ANSWER 2. endocrine system which parts of the heart are separated by the mitral valve? 1. left atrium and right atrium 2. right atrium and right ventricle 3. left ventricle and right ventricle 4. left atrium and left ventricle - CORRECT ANSWER 4. left atrium and left ventricle * note: mitral valve is an alternative name for the bicuspid valve or left atrioventricular valve how might vitamin D deficiency present? 1. as bleeding gums 2. as swollen extremities 3. as red patches 4. as crooked bones - CORRECT ANSWER 4. as crooked bones how does the lymphatic sytem work with the circulatory system? 1 . the circulatory system produces red blood cells for the lymphatic system 2. lymph draws excess fluid from the cells and deposits it into the blood vessels 3. the heart regulates the production of lymph in the lymph glands 4. white cells from the lymphatic system eliminate excess red blood cells - CORRECT ANSWER 2. lymph draws excess fluid from the cells and deposits it into the blood vessels what is the function of parathyroid hormone? 1. increasing energy levels 2. stimulating cell reproduction 3. speeding up metabolism 4. activating vitamin D - CORRECT ANSWER 4. activating vitamin D which feauture of the ear is most medial? 1. pinna 2. tympanic membrane 3. cochlea 4. outer canal - CORRECT ANSWER 3. cochlea which of the following are considered normal values for the measure of a person's pulse and blood pressure? 1. 55 bpm and 75/60 mm Hg 2. 72 bpm and 120/80 mm Hg 3. 100 bpm and 140/100 mm Hg 4. 160 bpm and 100 over 70 mm Hg - CORRECT ANSWER 2. 72 bpm and 120/80 mm Hg how does a sagittal section divide the body? 1. into right and left regions 2. into upper and lower regions 3. into front and back regions 4. between the dorsal and ventral cavities - CORRECT ANSWER 1. into right and left regions * note: sagittal is also known as the median plane how is pepsin used by the body? 1. to break down proteins 2. to break down starches 3. to emulsify fats and oils 4. to absorb water and nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER 1. to break down proteins which mineral supports the function of the thyroid? 1. manganese 2. iodine 3. phosphorus 4. zinc - CORRECT ANSWER 2. iodine. Iodine is the key mineral in thyroid hormone production. Iodine deficiency can cause a goiter, swelling of the thyroid gland. the cheekbones are _______ to the nose 1. anterior 2. proximal 3. deep 4. lateral - CORRECT ANSWER 2. proximal which organ system is primarily responsible for generating antibodies? 1. endocrine system 2. digestive system 3. lymphatic system 4. nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER 3. lymphatic system the lateral side of the right knee would be 1. the kneecap 2. closest to the left knee 3. farthest from the left knee 4. in the underside of the knee - CORRECT ANSWER 3. farthest from the left knee in which part of the lungs do nearly all the gaseous exchanges between air and blood take place? 1. pleura 2. trachea 3. bronchioles 4. alveoli - CORRECT ANSWER 4. alveoli how do the intercostal muscles between the ribs assist with respiration? 1. by protecting the delicate bronchioles and alveoli 2. by signaling a decrease in intra-alveolar pressure 3. by enlarging and reducing the space in the thorax 4. by maintaining a medial separation between pleurae - CORRECT ANSWER 3. by enlarging and reducing the space in the thorax in which organ do muscles push food into the stomach via peristalsis? 1. mouth 2. small intestine 3. epiglottis 4. esophagus - CORRECT ANSWER 4. esophagus for the average person, what is true about caloric intake? 1. it should increase with age after age 25 2. it should decline with age after age 25 3. it should remain constant over a lifetime 4. it should decline and then increase with age - CORRECT ANSWER 2. it should decline with age after age 25 the corpus callosum facilitates communicaation between 1. the left and right brain 2. the skeletal and nervous systems 3. the brain and spinal cord 4. the thalamus and hypothalamus - CORRECT ANSWER 1. the left and right brain how does the integumentary system work with the nervous system? 1. the integumentary system removes heat from the neurons in the nervous system 2. the nervous system circulates nurtrients outward to the integumentary system 3. touch input via the integumentary system sends messages to the nervous system 4. messages from the nervous system affect the coloro and texture of the skin - CORRECT ANSWER 3. touch input via the integumentary system sends messages to the nervous system when the pulmonary valve and aortic valves are open, where can blood flow? 1. between the two ventricles of the heart 2. from atrium to ventricle within the heart 3. between the heart and the rest of the body 4. between the atria and the heart - CORRECT ANSWER 3. between the heart and the rest of the body which might be a result of stenosis, or narrowing of a heart valve? 1. abdominal pain 2. blood clots 3. edema (swelling) in organs 4. irregular heartbeat - CORRECT ANSWER 4. irregular heartbeat the human skull contains about how many bones? 1. about 5 2. about 30 3. about 60 4. about 210 - CORRECT ANSWER 2. about 30 (28 to be exact) the arteries are part of the _________ 1. nervous system 2. endocrine system 3. lymphatic system 4. cardiovascular system - CORRECT ANSWER 4. cardiovascular system which is a secondary defense for the body against pathogens? 1. tears 2. urine 3. inflammation 4. mucus - CORRECT ANSWER 3. inflammation which organ system is primarily responsible for storing minerals? 1. the skeletal system 2. the endocrine system 3. the lymphatic system 4. the cardiovascular system - CORRECT ANSWER 1. the skeletal system the vena cavae drain blood from the body into the ________ 1. right atrium 2. right ventricle 3. left atrium 4. left ventricle - CORRECT ANSWER 1. right atrium beriberi is a disease caused by lack of ________ 1. thiamine 2. vitamin c 3. niacin 4. protein - CORRECT ANSWER 1. thiamine how does the endocrine system work with the reproductive system? 1. the reproductive system transforms minerals into useful nutrients 2. the endocrine system determines the sex of the embryo 3. the reproductive system controls the growth of secondary sex organs 4. the endocrine system produces chemicals that regulate sexual function - CORRECT ANSWER 4. the endocrine system produces chemicals that regulate sexual function which hormone controls sleep, mood, and appetite? 1. serotonin 2. oxytocin 3. cortisol 4. aldosterone - CORRECT ANSWER 1. serotonin which part of the brain is most posterior? 1. frontal lobe 2. parietal lobe 3. temporal lobe 4. occipital lobe - CORRECT ANSWER 4. occipital lobe which of the following is an HDL cholesterol level that might warrant regular testing? 1. 70 2. 60 3. 50 4. 40 - CORRECT ANSWER 4. 40 how does a transverse section divide the body? 1. into right and left regions 2. into upper and lower regions 3. into front and back regions 4. between the dorsal and ventral cavities - CORRECT ANSWER 2. into upper and lower regions what is the function of amylase? 1. breaking down starch 2. digesting fat 3. breaking down protein 4. absorbing water - CORRECT ANSWER 1. breaking down starch. amylase is present in saliva, where it begins to break starch into sugar the spleen is part of the _________ 1. nervous system 2. integumentary system 3. lymphatic system 4. urinary system - CORRECT ANSWER 3. lymphatic system which mineral is important for the formation of red blood cells? 1. selenium 2. calcium 3. magnesium 4. copper - CORRECT ANSWER 4. copper the dorsal body cavity is __________________ to the ventral body cavity 1. medial 2. deep 3. posterior 4. anterior - CORRECT ANSWER 3. posterior * note: Dorsal cavity- includes the cranial and spinal cavities which organ system is primarily responsible for preventing water loss? 1. the nervous system 2. the integumentary system 3. the lymphatic system 4. the urinary system - CORRECT ANSWER 2. the integumentary system which is an anterior feature of the human head? 1. the nose 2. the ears 3. the occipital lobe 4. the temporal lobe - CORRECT ANSWER 1. the nose what is the primary hormone secreted by the thyroid? 1. oxytocin 2. TSH 3. adrenaline 4. T4 - CORRECT ANSWER 4. T4 enlargement of the thyroid, commonly known as a goiter, might be expected to affect________________ 1. swallowing 2. insulin levels 3. sleep 4. digestion - CORRECT ANSWER 1. swallowing which kinds of muscles are involved in peristalsis? 1. smooth muscles 2. cardiac muscles 3. skeletal muscles 4. epaxial muscles - CORRECT ANSWER 1. smooth muscles why might certain young people be underweight? 1. they are growing in height faster than they are gaining weight 2. they eat little protein and too much fat and sugar 3. they eat several meals a day and fail to exercise enough 4. they seldom eat a meal that contains foods from all food groups - CORRECT ANSWER 1. they are growing in height faster than they are gaining weight what might an injury to the parietal lobe affect? 1. breathing 2. attention 3. memory 4. perception - CORRECT ANSWER 4. perception how does the digestive system work with the urinary system? 1. the digestive system controls the function of the ureter 2. the urinary system removs toxins from the products of digestion 3. the digestive system manufactures hormones that influence urination 4. the urinary system eliminates some waste products of digestion - CORRECT ANSWER 4. the urinary system eliminates some waste products of digestion which gland is located superior to the kidney? 1. pituitary 2. adrenal 3. hypothalamus 4. pancreas - CORRECT ANSWER 2. adrenal. The adrenals sit atop the kidney and produce a variety of hormones. from cortisol and testosterone to epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine. to what two systems might the urethra belong? 1. reproductive and endocrine 2. urinary and reproductive 3. endocrine and urinary 4. digestive and cardiovascular - CORRECT ANSWER 2. urinary and reproductive the axial skeletal system contains all of these except __________ 1. the skull 2. the ribs 3. the breastbone 4. the radius - CORRECT ANSWER 4. the radius the gallbladder is part of the ________ 1. endocrine system 2. urinary system 3. digestive system 4. nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER 3. digestive system which is not an example of a nonspecific immune response? 1. inflammation .2. vasodilation 3. release of histamine 4. production of antibodies - CORRECT ANSWER 4. production of antibodies which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating electrolytes? 1. the endocrine system 2. the urinary system 3. the lymphatic system 4. the nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER 2. the urinary system what is the function of the coronary artery? 1. it carries oxygenated blood to the heart 2. it carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs 3. it distributes blood to the body 4. it supplies blood to the heart muscle - CORRECT ANSWER 4. it supplies blood to the heart muscle what condition might result from lack of vitamin C? 1. kwashiorkor 2. pellagra 3. rickets 4. scurvy - CORRECT ANSWER 4. scurvy how does the muscular system work with the skeletal system? 1. muscles attached to tendons contract to bend the skeleton at the joints 2. the hard bones of the skeleton protect the voluntary muscles of the limbs 3. the cardiac muscles produce calcium that is needed for sturdy bones 4. smooth muscles on internal organs leach excess minerals from the bones - CORRECT ANSWER 1. muscles attached to tendons contract to bend the skeleton at the joints Which is not produced by the pituitary gland? 1. FSH 2. TRH 3. LH 4. ADH - CORRECT ANSWER 2. TRH The ribs are _________________ to the lungs in the human body 1. medial 2. superior 3. anterior 4. deep - CORRECT ANSWER 3. anterior what is the normal pH of human arterial blood? 1. 6.8 2. 7.4 3. 7.9 4. 8.2 - CORRECT ANSWER 2. 7.4 which cut is considered a cross section? 1. a sagittal or frontal plane 2. a cut along the coronal plane 3. a cut along the median plane 4. a cut through the transverse plane - CORRECT ANSWER 4. a cut through the transverse plane which enzyme functions to break down a specific sugar? 1. catalase 2. lipase 3. protease 4. lactase - CORRECT ANSWER 4. lactase the hypothalamus is part of the __________ 1. cardiovascular system 2. endocrine system 3. respiratory system 4. lymphatic system - CORRECT ANSWER 2. endocrine system which mineral helps to maintain fluid balance in the body? 1. potassium 2. cobalt 3. chromium 4. sulfur - CORRECT ANSWER 1. potassium the skull is ___________ to the spinal cord 1. anterior 2. posterior 3. lateral 4. superior - CORRECT ANSWER 4. superior which organ system is primarily responsible for integrating voluntary movements? 1. cardiovascular system 2. digestive system 3. respiratory system 4. nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER 4. nervous system A person with AB- blood should not receive blood from which other blood type? B- A- O- AB+ - CORRECT ANSWER AB+ Explanation: Those with an AB- blood type should not receive blood from those with AB+ blood. Although both AB+ and AB- blood have A and B antigens, the person with AB- blood lacks a special protein, or "Rhesus" Factor (Rh), circulating in their blood. If they are given blood that has the Rh factor present, their body will make antibodies to this foreign substance and complications will occur. This is especially true in pregnancy situations where the mother is Rh- and the baby she is carrying is Rh+. Which blood type is considered the universal donor? O- O+ AB+ AB- - CORRECT ANSWER O- CORRECT Explanation: O- blood lacks both A and B antigens and the Rh factor, making it the only blood type that can donate to everyone. What is the only artery in the body to carry oxygen-poor blood? pulmonary artery renal artery vena cava interosseous artery - CORRECT ANSWER pulmonary artery CORRECT Explanation: Most arteries in the body carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart, but the pulmonary artery carries oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs. Chocolate cysts of the ovaries are attributed to ____. endometriosis menorrhagia pelvic inflammatory disease ectopic pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER endometriosis Explanation: Endometriosis is a condition in which the tissue from the uterus (endometrium) grows in other parts of the body, such as the ovaries or bowel. If a woman has endometrial tissue in her ovary, the tissue bleeds and builds up over time, and as the blood ages it turns brown, hence the term "chocolate cyst." Ligaments connect ____. muscle to bone tendon to bone bone to bone muscle to muscle - CORRECT ANSWER bone to bone Ligaments connect bone to bone, and tendons connect muscle to bone. Which is not true of synovial joints? They are the most common joint in the body. They have a fluid-filled capsule that surrounds their articulating surface. They are found in the intervertebral discs of the spinal column. They are the most moveable joint type in the body. - CORRECT ANSWER They are found in the intervertebral discs of the spinal column. Explanation: Instead of a synovial joint, the intervertebral discs of the spinal column form a fibrocartilaginous joint, which allows slight movement of the vertebrae of the spine. What is the longest muscle in the human body? adductor longus vastus lateralis vastus medialis sartorius - CORRECT ANSWER sartorius Explanation: The longest muscle in the human body is the sartorius muscle, which is located in the anterior thigh. Where is the hyoid bone located? pelvis rib cage neck leg - CORRECT ANSWER neck Explanation: The hyoid bone is located between the chin and thyroid cartilage. Which is not true of epithelial tissue? It is vascular. It helps form certain glands. It lines cavities in the body. It rests on a basement membrane. - CORRECT ANSWER It is vascular. It is vascular. Which is not produced by an exocrine gland? digestive enzymes adrenaline milk saliva - CORRECT ANSWER adrenaline Explanation: Adrenaline is produced by the adrenals, which are endocrine glands. The pyloric sphincter is located between ____. the esophagus and stomach the rectum and anus the stomach and small intestine the small and large intestine - CORRECT ANSWER the stomach and small intestine Explanation: The pyloric sphincter permits food to pass from the stomach to the small intestine. Blood vessels enter and exit bones through ____. fossa facets fovea foramina - CORRECT ANSWER foramina Explanation: Foramina are small openings in the body which allow cranial nerves, arteries, and veins to pass through solid structures. Which of these shows the correct order of the flow of waste through the large intestine? cecum, ascending colon, descending colon, transverse colon, sigmoid colon ascending colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, transverse colon, cecum sigmoid colon, ascending colon, descending colon, transverse colon, cecum cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon - CORRECT ANSWER cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon Explanation: From ingestion to excretion, the correct order that waste travels through the body is cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon. Which of these is considered the primary pacemaker of the heart? aorta left ventricle AV node SA node - CORRECT ANSWER SA node The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in the right atrium and is responsible for generating the electrical impulses that cause the heart to beat. In which location does a sperm cell first fertilize an egg? ovary cervix fallopian tube uterus - CORRECT ANSWER fallopian tube Explanation: Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tube, after which time the fertilized egg travels to the uterus for implantation. Where is interstitial fluid found in the body? around the brain and spinal cord inside of cells in the tissues around cells inside the stomach - CORRECT ANSWER in the tissues around cells Explanation: Interstitial fluid is the main component of the extracellular fluid that surrounds the cells of multi-cellular animals. What is the normal pH of blood? 7.0-7.5 7.25-7.35 7.50-7.65 7.35-7.45 - CORRECT ANSWER 7.35-7.45 The normal pH of the body is between 7.35-7.45. Anything less than that would be considered acidosis, anything higher would be alkalosis. What is the bladder capacity of the average adult? 1,000 ml 800 ml 500 ml 200 ml - CORRECT ANSWER 500 ml Explanation: The normal bladder capacity for the average adult is between 400-600 ml. Which lobe of the brain is associated with judgement, planning, impulse control, and social behavior? occipital temporal parietal frontal - CORRECT ANSWER frontal In quick summary, the frontal lobe of the brain is involved in all of the above, plus things like motor function, problem solving, and language. The temporal lobe is involved with processing auditory information. The parietal lobe processes taste, touch, and temperature information, and the occipital lobe deals with visual processing. What does lipase do? It breaks down nucleic acids into nucleotides. It breaks down proteins into peptides and amino acids. It breaks down carbohydrates into starch and sugar. It breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. - CORRECT ANSWER It breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Explanation: Nucleases break down nucleic acids into nucleotides, amylase enzymes break down carbohydrates into starch and sugar, and protease enzymes break down proteins into peptides and amino acids. Which is not a function of the the liver? production of insulin production of bile blood detoxification and purification storage of glycogen, minerals, and vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER production of insulin Explanation: The pancreas, not the liver, produces insulin. Which salivary gland produces mucin? thyroid parotid sublingual submandibular - CORRECT ANSWER sublingual Explanation: Of the three salivary glands (sublingual, submandibular, and parotid), only the sublingual gland produces mucin. Which substance in the teeth continues to form throughout life and supports the enamel? cementum pulp gum dentin - CORRECT ANSWER dentin Explanation: Dentin is a calcified substance that is covered by cementum on the root and covers all of the tooth's pulp. The ____ is the layer of the heart used for contraction that has striated muscle fibers. decacardium myocardium endocardium pericardium - CORRECT ANSWER myocardium The myocardium is the muscle layer of the heart, the pericardium is the sac surrounding the heart and its greater vessels, the endocardium is the inner layer of the heart. The decacardium is not a part of the anatomy of the heart. Bile is produced by the ____. pancreas gall bladder liver spleen - CORRECT ANSWER liver Explanation: Bile is made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Which is not a part of the electrical conduction system of the heart? Purkinje fibers AV Node bundle of His chordae tendineae - CORRECT ANSWER chordae tendineae Explanation: The chordae tendinae are the fibrous strings that attach the valves (cusps) of the heart's lower chambers to the papillary muscles. Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cava? right atrium right ventricle left atrium left ventricle - CORRECT ANSWER right atrium Explanation: The right atrium is the chamber where blood is received from the superior and inferior vena cavas. What is the name of the heart valve found between the left atrium and left ventricle? aortic valve tricuspid valve mitral valve semilunar valve - CORRECT ANSWER mitral valve The mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid or left atrioventricular valve, is located between the left atrium and left ventricle. The tricuspid, or right atrioventricular valve, is found between the right atrium and right ventricle. Where are neurotransmitters released? cell wall axon terminal dendrite myelin sheath - CORRECT ANSWER axon terminal Explanation: Neurotransmitters are packaged into synaptic vesicles that reside in the axon terminal of a neuron. The structure that moves nerve impulses away from the cell body is called the ____. axon synapse myelin sheath dendrite - CORRECT ANSWER axon The axon, or nerve fiber, conducts nerve impulses away from the neuron's cell body. Where does the final stage of sperm maturation occur? prostate epididymis seminiferous tubules vas deferens - CORRECT ANSWER epididymis Sperm are initially created and begin the maturation process in the testes. Then they are stored and go through the final maturation phase in the epididymis, a collection of thin tubes that carries sperm from the testes to the ductus deferens. (The seminiferous tubules are located in the testes.) What is the hormone that stimulates uterine contractions? estrogen progesterone prolactin oxytocin - CORRECT ANSWER oxytocin Explanation: Oxytocin is released by the posterior pituitary gland during labor to facilitate birth, and it can also be injected to induce labor. The volume of air in a normal breath is called ____. total lung capacity residual volume tidal volume oxygen reserve - CORRECT ANSWER tidal volume Explanation: Simply put, tidal volume is the amount of air a person takes in without extra effort. In the average healthy person, this amount is typically around 500 ml per breath. The primary stimulus for breathing is ____. carbon monoxide in the blood carbon dioxide in the blood oxygen in the lungs carbon dioxide in the lungs - CORRECT ANSWER carbon dioxide in the blood Explanation: Although there are also other factors that influence breathing, the primary reason we need to breathe comes from the body's desire to rid itself of carbon dioxide. What is the name of the tube connecting the kidney to the bladder? loop of Henle collecting duct urethra ureter - CORRECT ANSWER ureter Explanation: In normal anatomy, there are two ureters, one originating from the left kidney and one from the right. What is not a function of the kidney? regulate O2 levels in the blood regulate pH regulate blood volume regulate blood pressure - CORRECT ANSWER regulate O2 levels in the blood Explanation: The lungs, not the kidneys, are primarily responsible for regulating O2 levels in the blood. Where is fat stored within the skeletal system? spongy marrow yellow bone marrow red bone marrow compact bone - CORRECT ANSWER yellow bone marrow Explanation: Yellow bone marrow gets its color from the large number of fat cells it contains. The blood volume in the average adult male is approximately ____. 5-6 liters 7-8 liters 3-4 liters 10-12 liters - CORRECT ANSWER 5-6 liters Explanation: The average adult male has a blood volume of 5-6 liters, with the average adult woman having a blood volume of 4-5 liters. A person with type B blood has ____. "B" antigens on their red blood cells no antigens "B" antigens in their plasma "A" antigens on their red blood cells - CORRECT ANSWER B" antigens on their red blood cells Explanation: There are two antigens that can be present on red blood cells: A or B. A person with type B blood has B antigens on their red blood cells and antibodies to the A antigen in their plasma. Try Again Report a problem What is the body's earliest defense against invading bacteria? T cells skin neutrophils basophils - CORRECT ANSWER skin The skin is the body's earliest and largest defender against bacteria and invading organisms. The adductor muscle serves to ____, whereas the abductor muscle serves to ____. contract after relaxations; relax after contractions pull a body part toward the body's midline; pull a body part away from the body's midline pull a body part away from the body's midline; pull a body part toward the body's midline relax after contractions; contract after relaxations - CORRECT ANSWER pull a body part toward the body's midline; pull a body part away from the body's midline Adductor muscles are those that move a body part toward the body's midline. This can be remembered by learning that the prefix ad- means to or toward. Contrastingly, abductor muscles are those that move a body part away from the body's midline. This can be remembered by learning that the prefix ab- means away from. What is the functional unit of the nervous system, and what is its function? The functional unit is the dendrite, which relays electrical signals throughout the nervous system. The functional unit is the neuron, which transmits electrical and chemical signals from sense organs, muscles, and glands. The functional unit is the neuron, which filters signals from the body, catalyzes action potentials, and insulates them from the surrounding environment. The functional unit is the soma, which transmits electrical signals from sense organs, muscles, and glands. - CORRECT ANSWER Explanation: The functional unit of the nervous system is the neuron. The neuron is composed of dendrites, which branch to expand the surface area of the neuron and transmit information through synapses, the soma, which transmit signals originating from the dendrites, the axon, which is covered by the myelin sheath, and serves to propagate action potentials to other neurons. The neuron functions to transmit information in the form of electrical and chemical activity throughout the body; sensory neurons transmit signals to and from the sense organs, motor neurons transmit signals to and from the skeletal and muscular system, and interneurons transmit signals to and from other neurons. insulin is produced in the ____ and functions to ____. kidney; metabolize macronutrients primarily through the absorption of glucose into the body's cells Langerhan cells; metabolize macronutrients and increase the amount of glucose in the blood beta cells; increase the blood flow throughout the body pancreatic islets; metabolize macronutrients primarily through the absorption of glucose into the body's cells - CORRECT ANSWER pancreatic islets; metabolize macronutrients primarily through the absorption of glucose into the body's cells Explanation: Insulin, a peptide hormone, is produced in beta cells in pancreatic islets, which are also known as the islets of Langerhans. This hormone serves to metabolize macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins), and facilitate the absorption of glucose by body cells. Cortisol released from the adrenal cortex reduces body temperature, raises blood sugar level, and inhibits the release of histamine - CORRECT ANSWER Which gland of the ear produces earwax? - CORRECT ANSWER Ceruminous gland