CLEP Human Growth & Development Exam
Infancy - ANS-Birth to 18 months (0-1)
Trust vs Mistrust
Important event: Feeding
Infant wants sense of security in the world. Develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide rel
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CLEP Human Growth & Development Exam
Infancy - ANS-Birth to 18 months (0-1)
Trust vs Mistrust
Important event: Feeding
Infant wants sense of security in the world. Develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability,
care, and affection.
Success -> optimism and hopefulness about life
Early Childhood - ANS-(1-3)
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
Important event: Toilet training
Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence.
Success -> feelings of autonomy
Preschool - ANS-(3-6)
Initiative vs Guilt
Important event: Exploration
Children need to begin asserting control and power over the environment. They desire a sense of
independence and self-expression, related to early school experience and time with new people away
from family.
Success -> a sense of purpose, confidence, willingness to try new things
School Age - ANS-(6-12)
Industry vs Inferiority
Important event: School
Children need to cope with new social and academic demands. They want a sense of competence and
realism about abilities, related to school subjects, peer relationships, and interactions with teachers.
Success -> self-worth, self-esteem, self-motivation
Adolescence - ANS-(12-18)
Identity vs Role Confusion
Important event: Social Relationships
Teens need to develop a sense of self, sexual orientation, and personal identity. Related to development
of sex organs and urges, social issues, cognitive changes.
Success -> stay true to yourself, "who I am"
Young Adulthood - ANS-(19-40)
Intimacy vs Isolation
Important event: Relationships
Young adults need to form close, loving relationships with other people.
Success -> strong relationships, ability to love and commit
Middle Adulthood - ANS-(40-65)
Generativity vs Stagnation
Important event: Work and Parenthood
Adults need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often by having children or creating a
positive change that benefits other people.
Success -> usefulness and accomplishment, purpose and generosity
Maturity - ANS-(65 to death)
Ego Integrity vs Despair
Important event: Reflection on Life
Older adults need to look back on life and feel a sense of fulfillment, satisfaction and resolution with
past. Accept decline of cognitive processing skills.
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