GRE practice exam 90 Questions with Verified Answers
Which of the following situations involving two people, P and O, and an object X, will NOT be balanced according to Heider's balance theory?
(a) P likes O, and the
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GRE practice exam 90 Questions with Verified Answers
Which of the following situations involving two people, P and O, and an object X, will NOT be balanced according to Heider's balance theory?
(a) P likes O, and they both like X
(b) P likes O, and they both dislike X
(c) P dislikes O, and they both dislike X
(d) P dislikes O, P likes X, and O dislikes X
(e) P dislikes O, P dislikes X, and O dislikes X - CORRECT ANSWER C
According to inoculation theory, a person's belief can be inoculated against a persuasive attack by
(a) providing arguments to support the initial belief prior to the attack
(b) providing arguments to support the initial belief subsequent to the attack
(c) warning the individual that there will be an attack
(d) anticipating the attacker's arguments and discrediting those arguments
(e) refuting the persuasive attack subsequent to its presentation - CORRECT ANSWER D
The admonition that "you shouldn't take more love than you give" is most directly supported by
(a) equity theory
(b) the halo effect
(c) the mere exposure effect
(d) social comparison theory
(e) the Romeo and Juliet effect - CORRECT ANSWER A
An experiment is staged so that on three occasions a subject overheard a confederate evaluate him. Which sequence of evaluations would lead the subject to be most attracted to the confederate, as predicted by Aronson's gain-loss principle?
(a) negative, negative, negative
(b) negative, negative, positive
(c) positive, negative, negative
(d) positive, positive, negative
(e) positive, positive, positive - CORRECT ANSWER B
A student is waiting for her first meeting with her faculty adviser. From inside the office, the student hears someone saying "Stop it...get your hands off me..."; and then heard the sound of furniture crashing. The student is a subject in a staged experiment, and she is waiting in one of four conditions; alone; with two naive subjects. If the results of this experiment follow the pattern of the Darley and Latane bystander intervention research, then which of the following sequences would correspond to decreasing frequency of helping behavior by students?
(a) four passive confederates, alone, two passive confederates, two naive subjects
(b) 4 passive confederates, 2 passive confederates, 2 naive subjects, alone
(c) 2 naive subjects, 2 passive confederates, alone, 4 passive confederates
(d) alone, 4 passive confederates, 2 passive confederates, alone, 2 naive subjects
(e) alone, 2 naive subjects, 2 passive confederate - CORRECT ANSWER E
Which of the following best illustrates an attempt to use the foot-in-the-door effect?
(a) a salesperson tries to sell a radio to a customer for $75; the customer resists, and the salesperson lowers the price to $65
(b) a telephone solicitor calls a home and asks a person several questions about his reading habits; the solicitor then describes the benefits of subscribing to a newspaper he is selling
(c) an advertisement indicates that anyone who buys two CDs for $11.95 will be given a third CD "absolutely free"
(d) a woman asks a friend for a loan of $1000; the friend refuses; the woman then asks the friend for a loan of $250
(e) a salesperson tells a customer that if she does not buy a necklace at that moment, "somebody else probably will" - CORRECT ANSWER B
The performance of which of the following activities is LEAST likely to be facilitated by the presence of an audience?
(a) speed of winding a fishing reel
(b) memorizing a script
(c) running
(d) adding numbers
(e) taking a final examination - CORRECT ANSWER B
In an experiment that used threatened punishment to inhibit behavior, children were told not to play with very appealing toys after the experimenter left the room. Two levels of threat were involved: mild and severe. None of the children played with the toys. According to cognitive dissonance theory, how would you predict the children rated the attractiveness of the toys in the two different conditions after the experiment?
(a) equally unattractive
(b) toys in the severe-threat conditions were considerably less attractive than in the mild-threat condition
(c) toys in the mild-threat condition were considerably less attractive than in the severe-threat condition
(d) equally attractive
(e) there was a slight significant difference toward the severe-threat condition toys being less attractive - CORRECT ANSWER C
The prisoner's dilemma is used to study
(a) the autokinetic effect
(b) recidivism in former convicts
(c) affiliation and attraction
(d) need complementary
(e) cooperation - CORRECT ANSWER E
Which of the following theories is characterized by the assumption that individuals have a need to evaluate their own attitudes and abilities?
(a) social facilitation
(b) social comparison theory
(c) social influence
(d) social exchange theory
(e) equity theory - CORRECT ANSWER B
According to Piaget, the attainment of formal operations is characterized by
(a) understanding of object permanence
(b) preoperational thinking
(c) beginning of symbol usage
(d) ability to manipulate abstract concepts
(e) tertiary circular reactions - CORRECT ANSWER D
Which of the following is the first prenatal stage of development that begins at conception and lasts for approximately two weeks?
(a) embryonic period
(b) germinal period
(c) gametes
(d) fetal period
(e) rooting - CORRECT ANSWER B
According to Freud, resolution of the Oedipal complex
(a) has no analogous process in girls
(b) depends on the antipathy of the child toward the father
(c) is a sign of excessive orderliness
(d) takes place only after the death of the mother
(e) is marked by a sublimation of libidinal energy - CORRECT ANSWER E
The tendency of infants to bring all novel objects to their mouths is an example of which of the following Piagetian processes?
(a) assimilation
(b) accommodation
(c) sublimation
(d) primary circular reaction
(e) centraction - CORRECT ANSWER A
Which of the following is (are) true about Erikson's theory of development?
I. Erikson is a neo-Piagetian
II. Erik son's approach is based on the idea that people are products of their sexual instincts
III. A significant factor of Erikson's theory is that it describes the entire lifespan
(a) I only
(b) II only
(c) III only
(d) I and II only
(e) II and III only - CORRECT ANSWER C
Which of the following examples of child speech is LEAST likely to be considered an error of growth?
(a) Mommy bringed me the ball
(b) Jimmy hurt himself
(c) the two mans talked to me
(d) No baby go store
(e) I had the mostest fun on the slide - CORRECT ANSWER D
Who first showed that contact comfort was necessary for the formation of the mother-infant attachment bond?
(a) Sigmund Freud
(b) John Bowlby
(c) Mary Ainsworth
(d) Konrad Lorenz
(e) Harry Harlow - CORRECT ANSWER E
A researcher is interested in studying the development of creativity in children. She develops an appropriate test and gives it to three groups of children: 3 year olds, 4 year olds, and 5 year olds. Once a year for the next five years, she tests the creativity of her original subjects. This study is an example of a
(a) cross-sectional study
(b) sequential cohort study
(c) longitudinal study
(d) case study
(e) none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER B
According to the Mendelian paradigm, which of the following statements is true?
(a) if both parents have blue eyes, their offspring must have blue eyes
(b) if both parents have brown eyes, their offspring must have brown eyes
(c) if one parent has blue eyes and the other has brown eyes, their offspring cannot have blue eyes
(d) if one parents has blue eyes and the other has brown eyes, their offspring will have gray eyes
(e) genes are located on the chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell - CORRECT ANSWER A
According to Erikson, which of the following is the central crisis of adolescence?
(a) identity vs. confusion
(b) trust vs. mistrust
(c) industry vs. inferiority
(d) generativity vs. stagnation
(e) intimacy vs. isolation - CORRECT ANSWER A
A person gets a good grade on a midterm exam and believes that the good grade was due to the fact that the exam was easy. This statement is most relevant to which of the following theorists?
(a) Abraham Maslow
(b) Julian Rotter
(c) Sandra Bem
(d) Gordon Allport
(e) Raymond Cattell - CORRECT ANSWER B
The sociological school of psychoanalysis, as represented by such theorists as Adler and Horney, is different form Freud in its
(a) increased emphasis on environmental influences on personality
(b) designation of the unconscious as a secondary force in personality development
(c) emphasis on cognitive/rational elements of personality
(d) decreased emphasis on the individuality of behavior
(e) institution of the ego with the same instinctual origin as the id - CORRECT ANSWER A
Horney originally put forward a list of 10 needs which are acquired as a consequence of trying to find solutions for the problem of disturbed relationships. Later, she classified these "neurotic" needs under
(a) two headings: for and against
(b) three headings: toward, against and away
(c) four headings: toward, against, away, and ambivalent
(d) three headings: for, against, and ambivalent
(e) four headings: for, against, withdrawn, and disturbed - CORRECT ANSWER B
Which of the following statements is NOT characteristic of the ego, according to Freud?
(a) the ego acts as a bridge between libidinal forces and realistic demands
(b) the ego mediates between the id and the superego
(c) the ego is governed by the reality principle
(d) the ego aims to discharge energy
(e) the ego is in the service of the id - CORRECT ANSWER D
Jung's chief criticism of Freudian theory was mostly directed against Freud's
(a) overemphasis on the defense mechanisms
(b) determinism
(c) teleological tendencies
(d) strong emphasis on ego functioning
(e) insistence that sexual motives were the basis of neurosis - CORRECT ANSWER E
Adler's individual psychology is associated with all of the following concepts EXCEPT
(a) superiority strivings
(b) inferiority
(c) introversion/extroversion
(d) fictional finalism
(e) uniqueness of the individual - CORRECT ANSWER C
We know of people in German concentration camps during WWII who continued to help others even though their own survival was in doubt. This causes the most problems for which of the following theorists?
(a) Jung
(b) Skinner
(c) Adler
(d) Witkin
(e) Maslow - CORRECT ANSWER E
Which of the following behavioral theorists is (are) most closely associated with psychoanalytic theory?
(a) Bandura
(b) Cattell
(c) Allport
(d) Dollard and Miller
(e) Jung - CORRECT ANSWER D
The description "He's tall and muscular" would be most relevant to which of the following theorists?
(a) Allport
(b) Adler
(c) Rotter
(d) Bandura
(e) Sheldon - CORRECT ANSWER E
An investigator used a test to measure masculinity and femininity in a large sample of college students, consisting of equal numbers of males and females. The test showed that 30% of the sample was androgynous. This finding is most relevant to which of the following propositions?
(a) genotypic sex exerts the greatest influence on gender identity
(b) gender roles become less differentiated after puberty, as hormone levels reach equilibrium
(c) adults who model both "masculine instrumentality" and "feminine expressiveness" are the ones most likely to raise androgynous offspring
(d) rather than being at two ends of a spectrum, masculinity and femininity are two separate traits that can coexist within an individual
(e) men are not more likely than women to be androgynous - CORRECT ANSWER D
All of the following are listed as disorders in DSM-5 EXCEPT for
(a) obsessive-compulsive disorder
(b) neurotic disorder
(c) anorexia disorder
(d) illness anxiety disorder
(e) Tourette's disorder - CORRECT ANSWER B
Which of the following is NOT a technique used in Freudian therapy?
(a) analysis of resistance
(b) free association
(c) dream interpretation
(d) hypnotic suggestion
(e) analysis of transference - CORRECT ANSWER D
The goal of primary prevention is to
(a) reduce the possibility of mental disorder occurring
(b) reduce the impact or duration of a problem
(c) reduce the long-term consequences of disorders
(d) improve the conditions at mental hospitals
(e) none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER A
Which of the following people are instrumental in improving the conditions in mental hospitals?
(a) Rosenhan
(b) Szasz
(c) Pinel
(d) Freud
(e) Von Meduna - CORRECT ANSWER C
The learned helplessness model put forth by Seligman is a model of which of the following?
(a) Schizophrenia
(b) Autism
(c) Depression
(d) OCD
(e) Mania - CORRECT ANSWER C
The Myth of Mental Illness was written by
(a) Rosenhan
(b) Dix
(c) Ellis
(d) The American Psychiatric Association
(e) Thomas Szasz - CORRECT ANSWER E
Which of the following is (are) NOT symptoms of dissociative fugue?
I. A sudden, unexpected travel away from home
II. Identity confusion
III. Hallucinations
(a) I only
(b) II only
(c) III only
(d) I and II only
(e) II and III only - CORRECT ANSWER C
Unconditional positive regard is associated with
(a) Wolpe's systematic desensitization therapy
(b) Ellis's rational-emotive therapy
(c) Beck's cognitive therapy
(d) Rogers' client-centered therapy
(e) Freud's psychoanalysis - CORRECT ANSWER D
Delusions, flat affect, and catatonic behavior are all symptoms of
(a) schizophrenia
(b) bipolar disorder
(c) multiple personality disorder
(d) schizoid personality disorder
(e) somatoform disorder - CORRECT ANSWER A
A predisposition toward developing a specific mental disorder is a(n)
(a) transference
(b) attributional style
(c) paresis
(d) etiology
(e) diathesis - CORRECT ANSWER E
Which of the following is associated primarily with the nondominant cerebral hemisphere?
(a) Broca's area
(b) recognition of faces
(c) mathematics
(d) writing
(e) logic - CORRECT ANSWER B
Which of the following describes the correct sequence of electrical activity as it passes through a single nerve cell?
(a) axon, dendrite, soma, vesicle
(b) soma, cell body, dendrite, vesicle
(c) soma, vesicle, dendrite, axon
(d) dendrite, soma, axon, vesicle
(e) dendrite, cell body, vesicle, axon - CORRECT ANSWER D
Disturbances in nerve tracts for certain neurotransmitters have been linked with various psychiatric disorders and degenerative diseases. Which of the following pairings is NOT correct?
(a) dopamine and schizophrenia
(b) norepinephrine and depression
(c) serotonin and mania
(d) acetylcholine and alzheimer's disease
(e) GABA and parkinson's disease - CORRECT ANSWER E
The hormone DES (diethylstilbestrol) was given to women during the 1950s and 1960s to prevent miscarriages. Physicians later learned that DES increased testosterone production, which in some cases led to unwanted side effects. If taken during the first trimester of pregnancy, DES resulted in which of the following?
(a) masculine-looking genitalia in female fetuses
(b) feminine-looking genitalia in male fetuses
(c) hemophilia in male fetuses
(d) phenylketonuria (PKU) in female fetuses
(e) down's syndrome in male fetuses - CORRECT ANSWER A
After suffering a stroke that damaged his left occipital lobe, Bill's ability to speak and understand language remained intact. Nevertheless, he was unable to identify simple visual stimuli on a piece of paper. Bill's symptoms suggest which of the following disorders?
(a) apraxia
(b) aphagia
(c) aphasia
(d) agnosia
(e) amnesia - CORRECT ANSWER D
Neurons generally cannot fire at rates exceeding 1,000 impulses per second. This maximum firing rate can be largely attributed to
(a) excitatory postsynaptic potentials
(b) spatial summation
(c) temporal summation
(d) absolute refractory periods
(e) relative refractory periods - CORRECT ANSWER D
Which of the following best characterizes the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
(a) voluntary movements vs. involuntary movements
(b) energy expenditure vs. energy conservation
(c) peripheral nervous system vs. somatic nervous system
(d) sensory neurons vs. afferent nerve fibers
(e) all-or-nothing vs. graded potentials - CORRECT ANSWER B
Which of the following is associated with the hypothalamus?
(a) refined body movements
(b) lateral geniculate nucleus
(c) spatial perception
(d) long-term planning
(e) homeostatic regulation - CORRECT ANSWER E
John goes on a date with Lisa. He orders a bowl of soup, which, unknown to him, is spoiled. After eating the soup, he feels slightly light-headed. John attributes his light-headedness to being in love with Lisa. This can be best explained by which of the following theories?
(a) James-Lange
(b) Cannon-Bard
(c) Schachter-Singer
(d) Hubel-Wiesel
(e) Wever-Bray - CORRECT ANSWER C
REM sleep is characterized by which of the following?
(a) sleepwalking
(b) delta waves
(c) night terrors
(d) dreams
(e) sleep spindles - CORRECT ANSWER D
The tendency to perceive continuous patterns in stimuli is called?
(a) good continuation
(b) closure
(c) proximity
(d) similarity
(e) linear perspective - CORRECT ANSWER A
Which of the following determine perceived size?
I. retinal size
II. perceived distance
III. pupil size
(a) I only
(b) II only
(c) III only
(d) I and II only
(e) II and III only - CORRECT ANSWER D
The experiments of Hubel and Wiesel suggest a physiological basis for
(a) stereopsis
(b) visual feature detection
(c) depth perception
(d) color perception
(e) sound localization - CORRECT ANSWER B
A researcher has a subject place her hand in beaker 1, which contains 105 F water. The subject reports that the water feels lukewarm. The researcher then has the subject place her hand into beaker 2, which contains 140 F water. Following this, the subject again places her hand into beaker 1 and reports that the 105 F water now feels cold. This finding is best explained by changes in
(a) physiological zero
(b) the temperature of the water in beaker 1
(c) the room temperature
(d) the subject's response bias
(e) the subject's two point threshold - CORRECT ANSWER A
Staring at a red stimulus for a while leads to a green afterimage. This supports
(a) Bekesy's theory
(b) Hering's opponent-process theory
(c) Helmholtz's trichromatic theory
(d) Wever and Bray's volley principle
(e) the duplexity theory - CORRECT ANSWER B
The dispute between the place theory and the frequency theory has to do with the action of the
(a) basilar membrane
(b) ossicles
(c) inferior colliculus
(d) somatosensory cortex
(e) fovea - CORRECT ANSWER A
An individual taking caffeine pills to stay awake during an all-night study session finds that he is incapable of writing his term paper effectively. Unable to sleep, he immaculately cleans his apartment. Such performance is best predicted by the
(a) opponent-process theory
(b) cocktail party phenomenon
(c) filter theory
(d) Yerkes-Dodson law
(e) signal detection theory - CORRECT ANSWER D
Semicircular canals are involved in which sense?
(a) auditory
(b) kinesthetic
(c) olfactory
(d) vestibular
(e) visual - CORRECT ANSWER D
In an experiment on vision, stimuli of different magnitudes are presented to a subject who is then asked to respond "yes" if he sees the stimulus and "no" if he does not. Using this procedure, the experimenter is likely to find that a subject with a high sensitivity will
(a) say "yes" more times than "no"
(b) have more hits than false alarms
(c) have a high absolute threshold
(d) have a low difference threshold
(e) also have a high response bias - CORRECT ANSWER B
Which of the following statements regarding the perception of fine detail is (are) true?
I. visual acuity is gained at the expense of color vision
II. your cones must be functional
III. light must hit the periphery of the retina
(a) I only
(b) II only
(c) I and II only
(d) I and III only
(e) II and III only - CORRECT ANSWER B
Which of the following types of operant conditioning increase(s) the probability of a particular response?
I. positive reinforcement
II. negative reinforcement
III. punishment
(a) I only
(b) II only
(c) III only
(d) I and I only
(e) II and III only - CORRECT ANSWER D
E. O. Wilson is a major proponent of
(a) operant conditioning
(b) classical conditioning
(c) sociobiology
(d) altruism
(e) instinctual drift - CORRECT ANSWER C
You turn on the can opener to open the dog food and your dog begins to salivate. The sound of the can opener is a(n)
(a) unconditioned stimulus
(b) conditioned response
(c) unconditioned response
(d) conditioned stimulus
(e) neutral response - CORRECT ANSWER D
If a CS becomes associated with a UCS, and then later, a neutral stimulus is paired with the CS but not the UCS, will the neutral stimulus elicit a conditioned response?
(a) yes, because of sensory preconditioning
(b) yes, because of second-order conditioning
(c) no, because the neutral stimulus is never associated with the UCS
(d) yes, but only if the neutral stimulus is similar to the CS
(e) no, because only the UCS can elicit the CR - CORRECT ANSWER B
If it works as planned, which of the following is the best example of escape?
(a) a client misses a session, so the therapist charges an extra fee
(b) a teacher gives detention to all late students
(c) a parent rescinds a curfew because a child gets good grades
(d) a doctor gives a lollipop to all children who do not cry when they get a shot
(e) a child is warned that if he doesn't clean his room, he will be punishes; the child cleans his room - CORRECT ANSWER C
If a teacher wanted to get an extremely shy student to participate in class events using shaping, she might
(a) reprimand the child each time he does not participate
(b) utilize a time-out procedure
(c) write a note to the child's parents
(d) initially reinforce the student each time he looked up from his desk
(e) only reinforce the child for speaking up - CORRECT ANSWER D
Which of the following is NOT based on operant conditioning?
(a) contingency management
(b) behavioral contracting
(c) implosion
(d) token economies
(e) Premack principle - CORRECT ANSWER C
Kohler's experiment on chimpanzee problem solving demonstrated that
(a) insight can be explained by trial-and-error learning
(b) not all learning is trial-and-error
(c) trial-and-error learning never occurs
(d) chimpanzees used cognitive maps to find the food
(e) chimpanzees do not learn by trial and error - CORRECT ANSWER B
Which of the following best states John Garcia's major contribution to classical conditioning?
(a) classical conditioning is based on contingency
(b) classical conditioning is due to instinctual drift
(c) classical conditioning is actually a type of operant conditioning
(d) classical conditioning is affected by the animals' biological make-up
(e) classical conditioning is based on contiguity alone - CORRECT ANSWER D
Which of the following was instrumental in the founding of ethology?
(a) E.L. Thorndike
(b) John Watson
(c) B.F. Skinner
(d) Konrad Lorenz
(e) Ivan Pavlov - CORRECT ANSWER D
A student learned a monologue from Shakespeare's Twelfth Night and hone, a month later, learned a monologue from King Lear. Every time he tried to recite the monologue from Lear he began reciting the Twelfth Night monologue. This is known as
(a) the method of Loci
(b) the forgetting curve
(c) proactive inhibition
(d) encoding specificity
(e) retroactive inhibition - CORRECT ANSWER C
Which of the following theorists invented the concept of the method of savings?
(a) Ebbinghaus
(b) Bartlett
(c) Chomsky
(d) Craik
(e) Loftus - CORRECT ANSWER A
If someone had 10 objects to remember and she chose to do so by putting one on each street corner between her house and school, what method would she be using?
(a) chunking
(b) method of Loci
(c) encoding specificity
(d) Zeigarnik effect
(e) retroactive organization - CORRECT ANSWER B
For Noam Chomsky, the semantic interpretation of a sentence comes from
(a) surface structure
(b) inhibition theory
(c) deep structure
(d) divergent thinking
(e) transformational rules - CORRECT ANSWER C
Which of the following best illustrates the difference between semantic and episodic memory?
(a) remembering how to tie your shoes vs. remembering where you bought your last pair of shoes
(b) remembering the meaning of phenomenon vs. remembering how phenomenon is spelled
(c) knowing the meaning of words vs. remembering where you went to school
(d) remembering your trip to France vs. remembering your trip to high school
(e) remembering where you live vs. remembering how to dial a phone - CORRECT ANSWER C
Upon being asked to list various uses for a blanket, Lillian responds "a parachute, a basketball net, and fake icing for a small sculpture of a cake." Lillian is using
(a) parallel distributed processing
(b) metacognition
(c) crystallized intelligence
(d) divergent thinking
(e) transformational rules - CORRECT ANSWER D
Three groups of subjects were presented with a list of 30 words, presented one at a time by the experimenter. Subjects in Group 1 were told to indicate whether the word has less than or more than five letters. Subjects in Group 2 were told to indicate whether the word referred to an agent or an action. Finally, subjects in Group 3 were told to indicate whether the word had one syllable or two syllables. After the list is presented, the subjects are asked to write down as many words as they can remember. According to the levels-of-processing theory, which of the following answer choices describes the order of number of words subjects in each group recalled, from most to least?
(a) 1, 3, 2
(b) 1, 2, 3
(c) 2, 3, 1
(d) 3, 1, 2
(e) 3, 2, 1 - CORRECT ANSWER C
Who hypothesized a general or "g" factor to intelligence?
(a) Sternberg
(b) Spearman
(c) Thurstone
(d) Gardner
(e) Wechsler - CORRECT ANSWER B
According to the stage theory of memory, information can go through memory in which order?
(a) sensory, long-term, short-term
(b) iconic, short-term, long-term
(c) echoic, iconic, long-term
(d) short-term, long-term, sensory
(e) long-term, sensory, short-term - CORRECT ANSWER B
You hear an excerpt of music and your companion asks you who wrote it. You've never heard it before, but reply that it's likely that Bach wrote it. Your judgment can be best explained on the basis of
(a) proactive inhibition
(b) divergent thinking
(c) representativeness
(d) the method of Loci
(e) procedural memory - CORRECT ANSWER C
A researcher is interested in the effect exercise has on the spatial frequency perception of people with Uhthoff's symptom. She takes 30 people with Uhthoff's symptom and divides them into two groups. One group is told to exercise for 15 minutes, and the other group is told to rest for 15 minutes. When the 15 minutes are up, each subject is presented with two pictures of the same object, one blurry and one clear, and asked whether the two pictures are meters or not. Which of the following is most appropriate?
(a) Sandler's A statistic
(b) t-test
(c) ANOVA
(d) Chi-square test
(e) Hierarchical analysis - CORRECT ANSWER D
Which of the following is the defining characteristic of random sampling?
(a) The sample is a stratified sample
(b) The sample is a miniature version of the population
(c) The researcher haphazardly selects subjects for her sample
(d) The sample is representative of the population
(e) Each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample - CORRECT ANSWER E
Which of the following can help control for experimenter bias?
(a) Double-blinding
(b) Randomly assigning subjects to groups
(c) Using control groups
(d) Demand characteristics
(e) ANOVA - CORRECT ANSWER A
What is the mean of the following distribution: 1, 1, 7, 8, 8?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 5
(d) 7
(e) 8 - CORRECT ANSWER C
All else being equal, which correlation coefficient is strongest?
(a) -0.70
(b) 0.00
(c) +0.20
(d) +0.65
(e) +1.05 - CORRECT ANSWER A
If a distribution has a lot of variability, which of the following is true?
(a) The variance will be relatively small
(b) The mean will be relatively high
(c) The standard deviation will be relatively small
(d) The distribution will be skewed
(e) The standard deviation will be relatively high - CORRECT ANSWER E
A researcher is interested in studying the effect of noise on the problem-solbing abilities of elementary school students. She uses two classes of fourth-grade students and test them on a 10-problem test. When one class takes the test, she turns on a radio, and for the other class, she keeps the radio off. This is an example of a
(a) true experiment
(b) quasi-experiment
(c) correlational study
(d) naturalistic observation
(e) longitudinal study - CORRECT ANSWER B
The psychology department chair at the local university is interested in finding out which of two experimental psychology textbooks is better received by students. Two sections of the experimental psychology class are being offered next semester. The section that meets during the day uses text A, and the section that meets at night uses text B. At the end of the semester, students in both sections will be asked to rate the text they used. Which of the following is most likely to confound this study?
(a) The number of psychology courses students had prior to enrolling in the experimental psychology class
(b) The university at which the study is taking place
(c) The text used in each section
(d) The time of day each section meets
(e) None of the above - CORRECT ANSWER D
A positively skewed distribution has a mean of 75.3 and a standard deviation of 20.15. If all the scores in the distribution are transformed into z-scores, what will the mean and standard deviation of the new distribution be?
(a) 0 and 1, respectively
(b) 0 and 20.15, respectively
(c) 75.3 and 1, respectively
(d) 75.3 and 20.15, respectively
(e) Because the distribution is skewed, the new mean and standard deviation cannot be determined from the information given - CORRECT ANSWER A
A Type II error occurs
(a) whenever a true null hypothesis is accepted
(b) whenever a false null hypothesis is rejected
(c) whenever a false null hypothesis is accepted
(d) whenever a true null hypothesis is rejected
(e) whenever a statistically insignificant result is obtained - CORRECT ANSWER C
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