NGN NCLEX Review 2023

Document Content and Description Below

Normal Sodium level - ANS-135-145 Hyponatremia - ANS-low sodium in the blood Chronic: Anorexia, Nausea, Emesis, Muscular, Weakness, Irritability Severe: gait changes, stupor, seizures, coma causes o... f hyponatremia - ANS-Causes of hyponatremia: Diuretics-Thiazide Drugs Dietary Changes,Low Na diet, Excessive water intake with sweating Fad diets, Anorexia nervosa. GI vomiting, diarrhea, GI suctioning, Tap water enemas,diuretics, kidney disease Treatments for hyponatremia - ANS-0.9% NaCl, accurate I&O, vitals (pulse), watch for signs of water intoxication, monitor blood gases, watch for respiratory difficulties Hypernatremia - ANS-high sodium in the blood Mild: thirst, rough dry tongue, dry sticky mucous membranes, tachycardia, fever, flushed dry skin Severe: disorientation, hallucinations, lethargy, irritability, seizure, coma causes of hypernatremia - ANS-Causes: Dietary Changes-Excessive Salt intake Excessive IV Saline Deprivation of water GI Disorders (Watery Diarrhea) Decreased Renal Function Insensible Water Loss Heat Stroke Salt water drowning Head Injury Trauma treatments for hypernatremia - ANS-restrict sodium intake, identify drugs that are sodium retaining, monitor Na levels daily, check for rales, edema in lower extremities, I&O, Urine specific gravity urine specific gravity level - ANS->1.015 normal potassium levels - ANS-3.5-5.0 mEq/L hypokalemia - ANS-low potassium nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, vertigo, ventricular arrhythmias, hypotension, polyuria, muscle cramps, alkalosis, lethargy causes of hyponatremia - ANS-Malnutrition; Alcoholism Potassium wasting diuretics Renal Failure, Hyperaldosteronism Steroids GI Losses;laxative abuse,diarrhea,vomiting, gastric suctioning Trauma & injury, excessive sweating Alkalosis, Insulin treatments for hypokalemia - ANS-oral supplements or food replacement, K Cl(20-40) meq, Kay Ciel, Kaochlor, oral potassium is extremely irritating to the stomach and should be diluted in water hyperkalemia - ANS-high potassium Abd cramps Tachycardia Widened QRS Ventricular arrhythmia Cardiac Arrest Oliguria Numbness face, tongue, feet , hands causes of hyperkalemia - ANS-Excessive K intake, IV K Infusions Decreased renal function K sparing diuretics -Aldactone,Dyrenium Metabolic Acidosis,Hypergylcemia Addisons disease Hemolysis, Chemotherapy Tissue damage, crush injuries, burns Drugs: Capotril,Cyclosporin, Heparin, Dig toxicity,Penicillin Salts, Beta Blockers treatments for hyperkalemia - ANS-Potassium restriction IV sodium bicarb Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate) Orally given every 4-6 hours and results occur in 1-2 hours Rectally given has a retention enema every 2-4 hours Enema removes K in 30-60 minutes Monitor labs and EKG normal calcium levels - ANS-9.0-10.5 mEq/l [Show More]

Last updated: 1 year ago

Preview 1 out of 16 pages

Buy Now

Instant download

We Accept: