NURS 190 Final Exam - Questions and Answers

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NURS 190 Final Exam - Questions and Answers Normal chest configuration Elliptical Lateral diameter of the chest 2:1 w. anterior posterior diameter of the chest by age 6 eliptical chest configuration barrel chest: normal Infant chest is.... Rounded Barrel chest is also common is COPD and elderly patient Abnormal configuration of the chest: 1. pectus carinatum/ pigeon chest 2. pectus excavatum/ funnel chest 3.scoliosis 4. kyphosis 5. Lordosis -Pectus carinatum/pigeon chest: forward displacement of the sternum with depression of the adjacent cartilage (no treatment required) -Pectus excavatum/funnel chest: depression of the sternum & adjacent cartilage affecting the heart and the lungs, cardiac murmur can be heard on auscultation because of cardiac compression (if severe surgical intervention is needed) -Scoliosis (common in female): lateral curvature of the spinous process -Kyphosis (common in aging): exaggerated posterior curvature of the thoracic vertebra -Lordosis (during 3rd trimester pregnancy): exaggerated curvature of the lumbar vertebra On percussion, hyperresonance will be heard when air trapped in lungs Assessing patient with left lung pleural effusion on auscultation absent breath sounds Part of the chest where you perform cardiac assessment? -Precordium What is the correct location of the PMI location? 5th ICS LMCL Land mark for herbs land mark... 3rd ICS LSB Land mark for angle of louis.... Articulation of the body of the sternum and manubrium in line w. 2nd rib Arterial insufficiency vs. Venous insufficiency: -Arterial insufficiency: affected leg is cold & no more hair is growing -Venous insufficiency: affected leg skin temperature is normal & warm -Both: patient experience pain and adverse signs & symptoms ECG electrical representation of the cardiac cycle are documented by the deflection and reporting paper Depolarization (contraction): -happens after stimulation of an electrical current where the cardiac cells are positively charged Repolarization (after contraction): -cardiac cells return to negatively charged P wave -represents atrial depolarization or contraction PR-inteval -time needed for electrical current to travel across the atrial and arrive at AV node Normal PR-interval: -0.12-0.20 seconds Atrial repolarization (relaxation): hidden behind QRS QRS complex: -ventricular depolarization or contraction 0.8-.11 sec T-wave: -ventricular repolarization or relaxation Test used to determine patency of radial and ulnar arteries? allens test Findings you would observe for an anticipated patient with Raynaud's disease... whitish, bluish, redish Rubor in the hands, cyanosis & paleness, & the patient is also experiencing tingling sensation and spasm of the hands= finger Raynaud's disease is common in..... common in young healthy female secondary to connective tissue diseases-drug intoxication, pulmonary hypertension, trauma) DVT s/s: -Occlusion of deep vein such as the femoral or pelvic circulation by blood clot, sudden swelling of one leg with dependent edema, immediate referral is needed because it poses a danger of becoming VTE (venous thromboembolism) & can migrate to the lungs resulting in PE (pulmonary embolism) S/S: intense sharp pain along iliac, popliteal, or calf muscles increased pain with dorsal flexion of the foot, lateral edema, low grade fever, & tachycardia Pathologic cardiac murmur during cardiac assessment is related to: -Structural normalities of the heart (mitral regurgitation, tricuspid stenosis, aortic regurgitation) Landmark of aortic 2nd RSB How should a nurse explain to a patient S2? -It is your second heartbeat that is the dub, closure of the semilunar valve, heard loudest at the base of the heart S1 -First heartbeat, known as lub, closure of the tricuspid and mitral valve heard loudest at the apex of the heart, 5th ICS left MCL Nodes & bundle branches

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