IMPEDIMENTS/BAD HABITS TO SOUND THINKING: - - Making generalizations unsupported by evidence
- Letting stereotypes shape our thinking
- Viewing the world from one fixed vantage point
- Forming false beliefs
- Dismiss
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IMPEDIMENTS/BAD HABITS TO SOUND THINKING: - - Making generalizations unsupported by evidence
- Letting stereotypes shape our thinking
- Viewing the world from one fixed vantage point
- Forming false beliefs
- Dismissing or attacking viewpoints that conflict with our own
- Thinking deceptively about our own experiences
EGOCENTRISM: - the tendency to view everything in relationship to oneself.
SOCIOCENTRISM: - the assumption that one's own social group is inherently superior to all others.
CRITICAL THINKING IS CHARACTERISTICALLY: - self-directed; self-disciplined; self-monitored;
self-corrective; requires practicing good intellectual habits; "thinking about thinking".
FIRST-ORDER THINKING (ORDINARY THINKING): - spontaneous and non-reflective; contains insight, prejudice, good and bad reasoning indiscriminately combined
SECOND-ORDER THINKING (CRITICAL THINKING): - first-order thinking that is consciously realized (i.e., analyzed, assessed, and reconstructed).
FAIR-MINDEDNESS: - to consider all relevant opinions equally without regard to one's own sentiments or selfish interests; to bring an unbiased and unprejudiced perspective to all viewpoints relevant to a situation. Involves adherence to Intellectual Standards along with requiring the critical thinker to simultaneously embody certain key Intellectual Traits.
INTELLECTUAL UNFAIRNESS (opposite of fair-mindedness): - to always see yourself as right and just; nearly always involves an element of self-deception.
TRAITS/VIRTUES of a CRITICAL THINKER:
*terms used by Paul & Elder
(all relate fundamentally to fair-mindedness) - -INTELLECTUAL AUTONOMY=thinking for oneself while adhering to standards of rationality.
-INTELLECTUAL COURAGE=to develop the courage to challenge popular beliefs; confronting ideas, views, beliefs with fairness, even when painful; examine beliefs that one has negative feelings toward and has been dismissive of.
-INTELLECTUAL EMPATHY=to routinely inhabit the perspectives of others in order to genuinely understand them.
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