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*NURSING > EXAM > LOCAL ANESTHETICS (LA) (All)

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LOCAL ANESTHETICS (LA)

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Local Anesthetics are the drugs which upon topical application and local injection cause reversal loss of sensory. They are the only drugs used clinically to block the voltage gated sensitive sodium ... channels and inhibit generation of action potential. LAs are either esters or amides. Esters are rapidly hydrolyzed by plasma and tissue esterases and Amides are metabolized in liver CLASSIFICATION : Local anaesthertics are divided into two major categories : -INJECTABLE ANESTHETICS -SURFACE ANESTHETICS Injectable Anesthetics is further divided into 3 sub categories : VS -High Potency Duration : Procaine , Chloroprocaine -Intermediate Duration : Lidocaine , Prilocaine -High Potency and Duration : Tetracaine , Bupivacaine , Ropivacaine Surface Anesthetics is sub divided into 2 categories : -Soluble : Cocaine , Lidocaine , tetracaine , Proparacaine -Insoluble : Benzocaine , Butylaminobenzoate , Oxethazaine MECHANISM OF ACTION : The LA block nerve conduction by decreasing the entry of Sodium Ions during upstroke of action potential. When concentration of LA will increase , rate of action potential will also increase which will cause Depolarization and will result in slow conduction. Local depolarization fails to reach the threshold potential and conduction blocks. [Show More]

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