CRAT Exam 150 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT

CRAT Exam 150 Questions with Verified Answers What pacemaker complications involves irregular pacemaker intervals with slower that set rate impulses and no visual packer spike? - CORRECT ANSWER Malfuctioning Potass ...

CRAT Exam 150 Questions with Verified Answers What pacemaker complications involves irregular pacemaker intervals with slower that set rate impulses and no visual packer spike? - CORRECT ANSWER Malfuctioning Potassium and __________ are needed in order for the heart to function normally - CORRECT ANSWER Calcium Premature atrial contractions are rarely dangerous but with what condition could this be an early sign of heart failure or electrolyte imbalance? - CORRECT ANSWER Acute myocardial infarction As an electrical current travels toward the negative pole on an ecg, the waveform defects in which direction? - CORRECT ANSWER Downward late ventricular depolarization is represented by? - CORRECT ANSWER S wave Why is the left side of the heart thicker than the right? - CORRECT ANSWER It pumps blood back to all the parts of the body What starts at the beginning of the p wave and stops at the begging of the QRS complex? - CORRECT ANSWER PR interval A common cause of artificial on a cardiac rhythm strip would be considered? - CORRECT ANSWER Somatic tremors How many leads does a 24 hour holter monitor have? - CORRECT ANSWER 5 If there is a preconfigured group of orders which are commonly ordered together for a specific diagnosis or condition would be? - CORRECT ANSWER Order set A single chamber pacemaker has one lead inserted into either the right atrium or? - CORRECT ANSWER Right ventricle If a patient is experiencing ventricular fibrillation where in the heart would the electrical impulses come from? - CORRECT ANSWER Many different foci What condition would be a biventricualr pacer typically be used for? - CORRECT ANSWER Pre cardiac transplant patients The heart activity that begins with atrial depolarization and ends with the start of ventricular depolarization is know as? - CORRECT ANSWER PR interval If the T wave is bumpy instead of smooth what might it indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER Hidden p wave paroxysmal atrial tachycardia commonly follows? - CORRECT ANSWER Premature atrial contractions Atrial standstill is called________ if only one or two beats are not formed - CORRECT ANSWER Sinus pause True or False SA node failure could cause sinus arrest - CORRECT ANSWER True What acts as a safety mechanism to protect the heart from ventricular standstill? - CORRECT ANSWER Idioventricular rhythms What can occur with coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, cor pulmonale, and pulmonary embolism? - CORRECT ANSWER Right bundle branch block What color is the chest lead? - CORRECT ANSWER Brown What could be administered to a patient to correct a junctional escape rhythm? - CORRECT ANSWER Atropine Impulses causing depolarization twice in a row in a faster than normal rate are referred to as which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER Re-entry events vagal maneuvers and medications such as which of the following can be employed to slow the heart rate on symptomatic junctional tachycardia patients? - CORRECT ANSWER Adenosine If the Q wave is absent, the QRS complex should be measured from the beginning of which wave? - CORRECT ANSWER R What artifact setting is commonly used to reduced artifact due to muscle tremor and slight patient movement? - CORRECT ANSWER 40 Hz What would you see on an ekg when looking for 2nd degree type 2 - CORRECT ANSWER Occasionally dropped beat with normal AV node conduction When interpreting a rhythm which one should always be irregular - CORRECT ANSWER Atrial fibrillation The semilunar valves are called such because the cusps on these caves resemble? - CORRECT ANSWER Half moons The data that is entered into an EKG machine would be considered? - CORRECT ANSWER Input In the pacemaker codes the first letter represents what? - CORRECT ANSWER The heart chamber being paced The type of AV block that could cause cardiovascular collapse would be? - CORRECT ANSWER Complete heart block (3rd degree) The left bundle branch splits into two branches known as? - CORRECT ANSWER Fasciculi What is it called when there is lack of electrical activity in the atrium? - CORRECT ANSWER Sinus arrest What does WAP stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER Wondering atrial pacemaker What is the largest artery in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER Ascending aorta Systolic and ______best describes the physiologic movements of the heart? - CORRECT ANSWER Diastolic When would a patient typically have a U wave? - CORRECT ANSWER When the patient has very low potassium In the cardiac conduction system, why can't impulses flow backwards through the system? - CORRECT ANSWER Cells can't respond to another stimulus directly following depolarization The atria relax and fill with blood during? - CORRECT ANSWER Diastole If a patient is diagnosed with a differential diagnosis of junctional tachycardia, they should be treated with? - CORRECT ANSWER Ablation therapy and a permanent pacemaker What are symptoms of 3rd degree av block? - CORRECT ANSWER Severe fatigue,chest pain, pulmary edema Sinus Tachycardia is characterized by heart rate above? - CORRECT ANSWER 100 bpm What chamber of the heart has the thickest walls? - CORRECT ANSWER Left ventricular If the bundle of His becomes blocked, what can be activated as a pacemaker? - CORRECT ANSWER Purkinje fibers If the patient is experiencing hypokalemia, what might be seen on an EKG? - CORRECT ANSWER U wave Originating above the ventricles, what will cause the heart to beat between 150 and 250 bpm? - CORRECT ANSWER Atrial tachycardia What is the thin layer that covers the myocardium? - CORRECT ANSWER Epicardium When applying the 10 times method to calculate the ventricular rate, which waves do you count on the rhythm strip? - CORRECT ANSWER R wave What should also be checked in addition to the three methods of calculating atrial or ventricular heart rate? - CORRECT ANSWER Patient pulse In measuring ventricular regularity if there is no R wave what could be measured instead? - CORRECT ANSWER The Q and S wave junction True or False The SA node protects the ventricles from the 400-609 erratic atrial impulses that occur during atrial fibrillation - CORRECT ANSWER False The AV Node Generally there's no treatment necessary for bradycardia unless the patient shows symptoms of——- - CORRECT ANSWER Decrease cardiac output If the contact on an electrode is not conducting well or placement is wrong, what can occur? - CORRECT ANSWER Wondering baseline sinus rhythm is the pacemaker action for? - CORRECT ANSWER SA node A pediatric patient will have a shorter PR interval because? - CORRECT ANSWER Children have smaller ventricular size Generally, the chest leads are oriented through_____to project through the patients back - CORRECT ANSWER AV node What acts as a safety net to prevent the ventricles from going into standstill? - CORRECT ANSWER Idioventricular rhythm When setting up limb leads and placing them in equal distances from the heart, it is typically known as? - CORRECT ANSWER Eithoven's triangle Sinus tachycardia occurs in approximately what percentage of patients following an acute myocardial infarction? - CORRECT ANSWER 30% When three or more PVCs happen in a row, it's considered what? - CORRECT ANSWER Ventricular tachycardia Prolonged PR intervals are associated with? - CORRECT ANSWER Conduction delays Short PR intervals are associated with? - CORRECT ANSWER Pre-excitation syndromes and junctional arrhythmias How many different types of atrial tachycardia are there? - CORRECT ANSWER 3 Atrial tachycardia with block Mutifocal atrial tachycardia Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia Atrial flutter, multi focal atrial tachycardia, and junctional tachycardia are all examples of? - CORRECT ANSWER Supraventricular tachycardia What syndrome in which the sinus node isn't properly functioning? - CORRECT ANSWER Sick sinus node What might be indicated if the Q wave is deep and wide? - CORRECT ANSWER Myocardial infarction What is an extra beat that causes the irregular rhythm because it happens before the regular beat? - CORRECT ANSWER Premature junctional contractions What does SCD stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER sudden cardiac death Not a heart attack but can be caused by V-tach or V-fib In a 12 lead ECG how many limb leads are there? - CORRECT ANSWER 6 How would a compensatory pause be defined? - CORRECT ANSWER When the interval that is between normal beats contains a premature ventricular contraction which is as large as two normal beats Lead 2 would be considered a combination of which leads? - CORRECT ANSWER aVR and aVF Dyspnea is best described as? - CORRECT ANSWER Shortness of breath Artifact that occurs when the tracing drifts away from the center of the graph paper is known as? - CORRECT ANSWER Wandering baseline What does the W wave represent? - CORRECT ANSWER Initial negative pulse of ventricular depolarization When there is no electrical activity occurring or there is too little activity, the wave resembles a straight line and is called? - CORRECT ANSWER Isoelectric waveform When would sinus tachycardia not be considered normal? - CORRECT ANSWER When sleeping The PR interval is measured on the ________ axis of the electrocardiogram - CORRECT ANSWER Horizontal What is the normal rate for a junctional tachycardia rhythm? - CORRECT ANSWER 100-200 bpm What would it be if the pacemaker is sending current to the heart during relaxation phase? - CORRECT ANSWER Malsensing What if the patient has spontaneous atrial activity leading the VVI pacemaker to not synchronize the ventricle activity with it? - CORRECT ANSWER There are will be no relationship between the P and paced QRS complex. Tricuspid and mitral regurgitation can develop The space between two waves would be considered? - CORRECT ANSWER A segment If one idioventricular beat happens at a time it is referred to as? - CORRECT ANSWER Ventricular escape beat In most cases of sudden cardiac death in people outside the hospital what is the cause? - CORRECT ANSWER Ventricular fibrillation Describe what the T wave looks like on an EKG - CORRECT ANSWER A short broad hump It represents the rapid phase of ventricular repolarization What is it called when theres a wide spectrum of SA node abnormalities that are caused by disturbance sleep in the way impulses are generated or the inability to conduct impulses to the atrium - CORRECT ANSWER Sick sinus syndrome From the start of the QRS to the finishing of the T wave what is that considered? - CORRECT ANSWER QT interval Which part of the heart supplies the most blood to the SA node? - CORRECT ANSWER Right coronary arteries Of the heart blocks which is considered the most serious? - CORRECT ANSWER 3rd degree It is life threatening and can lead to cardiac arrest if not treated immediately If a premature ventricular contraction comes from different foci what kind of Premature ventricular contraction would it be? - CORRECT ANSWER Multifocal PVC What does the term detrocardia mean? - CORRECT ANSWER Right sided heart It's a rare congenital condition when the apex of the heart is actually on the right side of the body What is the normal o2saturation of the blood in the right atrium? - CORRECT ANSWER 60-75% This is deoxygenated blood that returns to the body so it has a high concentration of C02 Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart through the inferior and superior vena cava and empties into? - CORRECT ANSWER Right atrium The stretching of the muscle fibers in the ventricles is known as? - CORRECT ANSWER Preload If the cardiac output falls and compensatory mechanisms fail a tachycardia patient may experience? - CORRECT ANSWER Hypotension,syncope,blurted vision,chest pain, palpitations, nervousness or anxiety The circumflex coronary artery feed which potion of the heart? - CORRECT ANSWER Lateral walls of the left ventricle The R wave represents what on an ECG? - CORRECT ANSWER The electrical flow of the signal through the muscle in the ventricles is What contributes to approximately 30% of the cardiac output? - CORRECT ANSWER Atrial kick How much does the average human heart weigh? - CORRECT ANSWER 6-11oz Where do junctional arrhythmias originate? - CORRECT ANSWER Atrioventricular junction What is the normal speed for a junctional escape rhythm? - CORRECT ANSWER 40-60 bpm If the ST segment is elevated what might that indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER Myocardial infarction The AV node normally generates how many impulses in a minute? - CORRECT ANSWER 40-60 What regulates the blood flow in the heart? - CORRECT ANSWER Valves From the beginning of the QRS complex to the highest point in the T wave what would that be considered? - CORRECT ANSWER The absolute refactory period If a patient is in ventricular fibrillation what would be the the preferred treatment - CORRECT ANSWER Defibrillation What carries the cell to cell condition of depolarization through the myocardium? - CORRECT ANSWER Sodium ions The right ventricle pumps blood through what valve into the pulmonary arteries? - CORRECT ANSWER Pulmonic valve The ectopic impulses fire at what rate ranges in atrial fibrillation? - CORRECT ANSWER 400-600 times/min What might be considered a sign of hyperkalemia on an EKG? - CORRECT ANSWER A peaked T wave In the QRS complex what does the S Wave represent? - CORRECT ANSWER Conduction of the electrical impulses through both ventricles What rhythm has an effect on the respiratory cycle and causing the heart rate to increase and decrease - CORRECT ANSWER Sinus arrhythmia Sinus arrest occurs when the SA node fails to generate an impulse which can be caused by? - CORRECT ANSWER Heart disease The ventricles relax, the atria contracts, and the blood is forced through the open tricuspid and mitral valves during________ - CORRECT ANSWER Diastole In atrial fibrillation how many times does it fire a minute? - CORRECT ANSWER 400-600 bpm What is the receiving chamber of the heart? - CORRECT ANSWER Left atrium ____________is caused by an irritable focus in the AV junction that speeds up to take over as the hearts pacemaker - CORRECT ANSWER Accelerated junctional rhythm Sinus tachycardia can worsen myocardial ischemia by increasing the hearts demand for? - CORRECT ANSWER Oxygen Each time the heart beats the amount of blood that is ejected from the ventricles would be considered? - CORRECT ANSWER Stroke volume ______________is described as chaotic, asynchronous, electrical activity in the atrial tissue - CORRECT ANSWER Atrial fibrillation A compensatory pause may cause what on an EKG strip? - CORRECT ANSWER A PVC that is equal to 2 sinus intervals The atria and ventricles beat independently in 3rd degree AV block and what else? - CORRECT ANSWER Complete AV dissociation If a patients shock has been caused by a cardiac tamponade it would be considered _______ shock - CORRECT ANSWER Cardiogenic A string of beats that occur after a conduction delay from the atria is________ - CORRECT ANSWER Junctional escape rhythm What rhythm is less than 60bpm but the measurements are within normal range? - CORRECT ANSWER Sinus bradycardia The magnitude in millimeters of upward or downward deflection in an EKG is known as? - CORRECT ANSWER Amplitude Atrial diastole occurs in which phase of the cardiac cycle? - CORRECT ANSWER Isovolumetric relaxation What is the rhythm that would be included in the algorithms for adult cardiac arrest? - CORRECT ANSWER Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) What is considered a normal volume of pericardial fluid around the heart? - CORRECT ANSWER 10 to 20 ml When the AV node delays an impulse from the SA node a little longer it would be? - CORRECT ANSWER Type 1 second degree AV block ___________blocks the conduction of some of the atrial impulses if the atrial beats are conducted only periodically - CORRECT ANSWER AV node In a cardiac complex what would be considered the first wave that is seen? - CORRECT ANSWER P wave The P wave will come after the QRS complex if what happens? - CORRECT ANSWER The ventricles depolarize first Nodal tissue itself does not have a pacemaker cells but the tissue surround it which is called? - CORRECT ANSWER Junctional tissue The initial phase of ventricular repolarization is know as? - CORRECT ANSWER Plateau phase The ______wave on the cardiac complex correspond with septum depolarization Q - CORRECT ANSWER ________controls increases or decreases of the EKG tracings on the rhythm paper - CORRECT ANSWER Gain Sinus tachycardia can reduce cardiac output by lowering? - CORRECT ANSWER Ventricular refilling time Ventricular repolarization is represented by which cardiac complex? - CORRECT ANSWER T wave _________is a condition where the heart cannot meet the demands of the body - CORRECT ANSWER Congestive heart failure What are the two entrance cables of the heart? - CORRECT ANSWER Tricuspid and bicuspid valves What is the approximate diameter of the coronary arteries? - CORRECT ANSWER 1/8 inch The _______brings blood from below the diaphragm - CORRECT ANSWER Inferior vena cava ___________is the only vein that carries high oxygen blood - CORRECT ANSWER Pulmonary vein What is the main cause of sinus arrhythmia in adults? - CORRECT ANSWER Respirations Supaventricular tachycardia has _______complexes and a rate of_________ - CORRECT ANSWER Narrow, 150 A first degree atrial ventricular block is determined by measurement of the __________ - CORRECT ANSWER PR interval (.21 or greater) A PVC that occurs during the relative refractory periods and can cause a patient go into VTACH is referred to as? - CORRECT ANSWER R on T phenomenon Another name for second degree AV block type 1 is? - CORRECT ANSWER Wenckehbach or mobitz type 1 The steps to most effectively analyze an EKG are? - CORRECT ANSWER Regularity, Rate, P wave, PR interval, and QRS complex