CPSI Exam 173 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT

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CPSI Exam 173 Questions with Verified Answers ASTM F1487-17 - CORRECT ANSWER Consumer safety performance specifications for public playground equipment ASTM F1292 - CORRECT ANSWER Impact attenua... tion of surfacing materials within use zones ASTM F2223 - CORRECT ANSWER Guide for ASTM standards on playground surfacing ASTM F1951 - CORRECT ANSWER Accessibility test method requirements for surfacing under and around equipment Only state that mandates playground inspections - CORRECT ANSWER California All playgrounds installed after (this year) must be compliant by (this year) - CORRECT ANSWER 1990, 2005 ASTM standards based on these four criteria - CORRECT ANSWER National injury data, industry experience, risk management and litigation data, anthropometrics Risk v Hazard - CORRECT ANSWER Challenge mentally/physically vs something unknown to child play environment develops children in these four ways - CORRECT ANSWER Physically, cognitively, socially, emotionally What percent of overall playground hospitalization injuries occur in children 0-9? - CORRECT ANSWER 77% Top causes of playground injuries - CORRECT ANSWER Falls (79%), Impact (11%), Misc (10%) Top causes of death/debilitating injury - CORRECT ANSWER Entanglement (top), falls, head/neck entrapment, impact 5 factors contributing to playground injuries - CORRECT ANSWER Poor maintenance, improper use, inappropriate design, installation errors, site planning issues ASTM F1487 age range and percentiles - CORRECT ANSWER 5th percentile 2yo to 95th percentile 12yo ASTM F1487 EXCLUDES... - CORRECT ANSWER Residential play equipment, athletic equipment, contained play equipment, amusement park equipment, toys, fitness equipment (13+), benches/tables/etc outside use zone Professional Judgement - CORRECT ANSWER the application of relevant training, knowledge, and experience in making informed decisions. ASTM F1487 section 3 and CPSC 1.8. CPSC involves playground (what) not part of ASTM guidelines - CORRECT ANSWER Supervision 4 parts of site selection - CORRECT ANSWER Travel patterns, sun exposure, hazards, slopes/drainage 6 parts of playground layout - CORRECT ANSWER Accessibility, age separation, conflicting activities, sight lines, signage, supervision Play equipment not recommended (6 items) - CORRECT ANSWER Animal swings, trampolines, swinging gates/doors, trapeze bars, climbing ropes not secured at both ends, heavy metal and multiple occupancy swings Fastener and hardware material requirements - CORRECT ANSWER Must be corrosion resistant, must not loosen or be removable without tools, must be self-locking Three types of surfacing - CORRECT ANSWER Loose fill, uniform, composite Clearance, width, and slope for accessibility surfacing inside use area - CORRECT ANSWER 80" height, 60" width, 1:16 max slope Circulation Routes - CORRECT ANSWER Must have sufficient space between structures and play equipment, and provide additional routes if overcrowding occurs Minimum clearance height without overhead obstructions - CORRECT ANSWER 84" above play surface Use Zone Rule 1 - CORRECT ANSWER 72" use zone extending all directions from piece of equipment Use Zone Rule 2. Define Complete v Partial. - CORRECT ANSWER Some use zones may overlap. Complete overlap if both structures 30" or less. Partial overlap if either structure is over 30". Use Zone Rule 3 - CORRECT ANSWER No zone overlap if: vertical rotating equipment with radius >20", motion area of swings, standard rocking equipment, slide exit use zones Swing use zone: open seat single axis - CORRECT ANSWER Motion area: double distance from pivot point to surface front and back 72" use zone at end of swing set may overlap use zone of swing of the same type If adjacent to equipment that allows overlap, minimum of 108" spacing Swing use zone: enclosed seat single axis - CORRECT ANSWER Motion area: double distance from pivot point to top of seat surfacd front and back 72" use zone at end of swing set may overlap use zone of swing of the same type If adjacent to equipment that allows overlap, minimum of 108" spacing Swing use zone: T swings - CORRECT ANSWER Motion area: double distance from pivot point to surface (open) or seat (enclosed) front and back 72" use zone at end of swing set may overlap use zone of swing of the same type If adjacent to equipment that allows overlap, minimum of 108" spacing 30" swing chain clearance even without outside support Swing use zone: Multiple Axis - CORRECT ANSWER Motion area: distance from pivot point to seat + 72" 72" use zone can overlap if adjacent to other multi axis swing. Otherwise 108" minimum Swing use zone: Combination Swings - CORRECT ANSWER Combine motion areas of each element to find overall use zones Use Zone: sitting rocking equipment - CORRECT ANSWER If <30" tall, may overlap at 72" Use Zone: standing rocking equipment - CORRECT ANSWER 84" use zone with no overlap Use Zone: Slides - CORRECT ANSWER 72" use zone around slides Exit use zone = distance from highest point of slide to protective surface (72"<x<96") Exit zone width = bed width + 21" Use Zones: Multiple Slides - CORRECT ANSWER If parallel or divergent, use zones can overlap If convergent, cannot overlap Use Zones: Track Rides (multiple tracks) - CORRECT ANSWER 72" use zone, adjacent tracks must be min 48" apart Use Zones: composite play structures - CORRECT ANSWER One 72" use zone, except slide exit Interior open space not subject to use zone requirement Use Zones: functionally-linked play structures - CORRECT ANSWER Acts as single unit in form and function even though not physically connected Swing Bay Requirements - CORRECT ANSWER No more than two swings per bay Only one multiple occupancy element within a bay Swing Seat Requirements: slay - CORRECT ANSWER Slay must be 20" or greater Swing seat requirements: under seat clearance - CORRECT ANSWER 12" open seat, 24" enclosed seat Swing requirements: frame to first chain (horizontally) clearance (and exception if only swing in bay) - CORRECT ANSWER 30" (if only one swing and lateral movement limited, 30" minimum clearance can be measured from 24" above swing) Swing requirements: space between adjacent swings - CORRECT ANSWER 24" Clearance for multi-axis swings - CORRECT ANSWER 30"+Y(distance from pivot point to top of seat), as a radius measured out horizontal from pivot point, carried to ground to create a cylinder that must be free of obstacles Clearance for Combination Swings (horizontal and under seat) - CORRECT ANSWER 30" minimum between structure and suspended element, 12" minimum under-seat clearance CPSC recommends climbers have no rigid structural components in the interior of the climber where children could fall more than (how far?) - CORRECT ANSWER 18 inches Climbing nets cannot have a clear opening between flexible members with a vertical dimension greater than (how far?) - CORRECT ANSWER 72 inches What are the required diameters of openings for climbing nets for preschool children and for school age children? - CORRECT ANSWER 18 inches (2-5yo), 20 inches (5-12yo) hand grip diameter for flexible grips on climbing nets - CORRECT ANSWER between 0.62" and 1.55" diameter Upper Body Equipment definition - CORRECT ANSWER overhead device designed to support user by hands only (not recommended under age 4) Horizontal Ladders maximum height - CORRECT ANSWER 60" (2-5yo), 84" (5-12yo), 54" (wheelchair users) Horizontal ladders distance between rungs (min and max) - CORRECT ANSWER at least 9" for all users, maximum 12" (2-5yo), maximum 15" (5-12yo) Horizontal ladders first handhold access (ground access and platform access) - CORRECT ANSWER 8-10" (ground access), less than 10" (platform) Horizontal ladder rung diameter - CORRECT ANSWER 0.95" - 1.55" Can rungs rotate or turn on their own access? - CORRECT ANSWER No Do rungs have to be parallel and evenly spaced? - CORRECT ANSWER Yes, for ages 2-5 Slide transition area required depth and width - CORRECT ANSWER 14" deep, must be as wide as slide opening Slides (including the top transition) must provide a continuous sliding surface. How is this evaluated? - CORRECT ANSWER Professional judgement (no tools or dimension) Two slide safety zones: - CORRECT ANSWER Non-entanglement zone (entanglement of clothing on projection) and clearance zone (impact on adjacent component) Describe the non-entanglement zone of a slide - CORRECT ANSWER begins at bottom edge of slide and extends out (21") and up (42" high for duration of slide, 60" at transition platform). Describe the two specific categories of projections that cannot be in a slide non-entanglement zone - CORRECT ANSWER no projections that fit inside large projection gauge, no projections that extend horizontally more than 1/8" Describe the clearance zone of a slide - CORRECT ANSWER expands out 21" from top of sidewalls, 60" above slide for entire length of slide, and continues through exit zone Are slides required to have a transition to seated? What are some examples? - CORRECT ANSWER Yes. Hood, bar, panel, tube, etc. Slide bed width and sidewall required dimensions - CORRECT ANSWER sidewall must be at least 4" high. Bed width at least 12" (2-5yo), 16" (5-12yo) Describe slide chute slope requirements and exit slope requirements - CORRECT ANSWER average slope cannot exceed 30 degrees, maximum slope cannot exceed 50 degrees, exit slope must be less than 10 degrees describe the reduced gradient of slide exits - CORRECT ANSWER must be between 4 degrees and horizontal for at least 11 inches What are the requirements for slide exit height (slides under 48" and slides over 48") - CORRECT ANSWER 48 inches and under: 0-11 inch exit height over 48 inches: 7-12 inch exit height (able to bend knees and exit without jumping down) Tube slide minimum interior diameter - CORRECT ANSWER 23 inches embankment slides must be within how many inches of the ground surface? - CORRECT ANSWER within 12" of the ground surface Rotating Equipment Definition - CORRECT ANSWER play structure intended to support weight of users that revolves around an axis at any angle and is intended to revolve repeatedly Vertical rotating equipment must have (this) or (this) to keep users from being thrown - CORRECT ANSWER hand supports OR concave sitting area If the radius of vertical rotating equipment is over 20", what special requirement applies to its rotation? - CORRECT ANSWER Must have a circular perimeter, with a less than 2" difference between the max radii and min radii If vertical rotating equipment platform is flush to surfacing, what's the maximum gap between them? - CORRECT ANSWER 5/16" Clearance between rotating equipment platform and surfacing can only be between these measurements if (this special equipment) is used - CORRECT ANSWER 3.5" and 9" with a continuous, smooth, tapered towards axis skirt If vertical rotating eqiupment platform has a diameter equal to or less than (this measurement), it is exempt from clearance requirements - CORRECT ANSWER 20 inches Vertical rotating equipment must have a clear area of 72" free of all structural components, and must be free of all rigid and non-rigid components within this diameter - CORRECT ANSWER 21 inches What are the two exemptions for speed limiting devices on rotating equipment? - CORRECT ANSWER less than 20 inch radius AND if radius is greater than 20 inches, can have a 108" minimum use zone instead of a speed limiting device What is an example of horizontal rotating equipment? - CORRECT ANSWER Log roll horizontal rotating equipment must have handrails to aid in mounting and balancing. What should the diameter of these handrails be? - CORRECT ANSWER 0.95"-1.55" What is the maximum height and intended age group for horizontal rotating equipment? - CORRECT ANSWER 18" maximum height, not recommended for ages 2-5 Maximum height for fulcrum seesaws - CORRECT ANSWER 60 inches maximum angle for fulcrum seesaws - CORRECT ANSWER 25 degrees handholds on fulcrum seesaws cannot project past (what?) - CORRECT ANSWER perimeter of seating surface how can you avoid crush/sheer hazard on fulcrum seesaws - CORRECT ANSWER embed shock-absorbing material in surfacing beneath ends of fulcrum seesaw what is recommended instead of fulcrum seesaws for preschoolers? - CORRECT ANSWER spring rockers seat height requirements for spring rockers - CORRECT ANSWER between 14" and 28" Are handholds required for springing or rocking on spring rockers? - CORRECT ANSWER No Are springs on spring rockers exempt from crush/sheer? - CORRECT ANSWER No Stepping forms minimum diameter and max height (pre-school and school aged) - CORRECT ANSWER minimum 10" diameter, 20" max height (2-5yo), 30" max height (5-12yo) hand support height above stepping surfacing on stepping forms - CORRECT ANSWER 22" to 38" above stepping surface max distance between stepping forms for preschoolers and school-aged children - CORRECT ANSWER 12" maximum (2-5yo), 18" maximum (5-12yo) stepping forms must be stationary if designed for 2-5yo AND 5-12yo if over this height - CORRECT ANSWER 30 inches Balance beams maximum height (preschool and school aged) - CORRECT ANSWER 12" (2-5yo), 16" (5-12yo) Sliding poles must extend this far (vertically) over the platform - CORRECT ANSWER 60 inches sliding poles must be this distance from the platform - CORRECT ANSWER 18"-20" maximum diameter of a sliding pole - CORRECT ANSWER 1.9 inches Track rides must meet performance requirements for these two things - CORRECT ANSWER upper body components AND hand grips Track ride platforms aren't required, but if one is used, it must have these minimum dimensions with a max height of this... - CORRECT ANSWER 32" wide, 36" deep, 36" max height track ride clearance from grip to surfacing - CORRECT ANSWER 64" to 78" is an enclosed track on a track ride exempt from crush/sheer? - CORRECT ANSWER Yes Impact Attenuation definition - CORRECT ANSWER ability of surface to reduce and dissipate energy from a falling body Fall Height definition - CORRECT ANSWER vertical distance between highest designated play surface on equipment and surfacing beneath Critical Height definition - CORRECT ANSWER fall height below which a life-threatening head injury would not be expected to occur (measured in whole foot measurements) which ASTM standard is the most accepted test method for IAS? - CORRECT ANSWER ASTM F1292 Two types of impact measurements in ASTM F1292 - CORRECT ANSWER GMax (200) and HIC (Head Injury Criteria) Describe GMax Standard - CORRECT ANSWER abrupt deceleration must be less than or equal to 200 times gravitational pull Describe Head Injury Criteria standard - CORRECT ANSWER HIC<1000. If HIC=1000, 1:6 chance of severe head injury Embankment slide fall height - CORRECT ANSWER 40" (but because critical height measured in whole feet, round up to 48") in slide exit area only Sliding pole fall height - CORRECT ANSWER 60" below highest portion of pole, to surfacing Freestanding climbers fall height - CORRECT ANSWER highest part of component attached climbers fall height - CORRECT ANSWER highest part of component *intended for foot support* 3D climbers fall height (interior and exterior) - CORRECT ANSWER interior = highest member with clear vertical path to surfacing (18" diameter 2-5yo, 20" diameter 5-12yo) exterior = highest point at which a rigid vertical device would contact the climbing net structure when moved around outside perimeter purpose and focus of low frequency playground inspections - CORRECT ANSWER evaluate structural integrity and wear, focus on preventative maintenance focus of high frequency playground evaluations - CORRECT ANSWER focus on routine maintenance, identify equipment needing obvious repair, look for vandalism, glass, litter Description and timeline of priority 1 hazards - CORRECT ANSWER possibility of permanent disability resulting, timeline: immediate description and timeline of priority 2 hazards - CORRECT ANSWER possibility of serious temporary injury resulting, timeline: ASAP description and timeline of priority 3 hazards - CORRECT ANSWER possibility of minor, non-disabling injury, timeline: when time permits description and timeline of priority 4 hazards - CORRECT ANSWER non-compliant safety concern with minimal injury chance, timeline: if condition worsens description and timeline of priority 5 hazards - CORRECT ANSWER compliant with operating policy and standard of care, timeline: preventative maintenance recommended 3 factors to assign priority levels (in order) - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Possibility of contact with hazard 2. Probability of getting hurt 3. Severity of injury Projections v protrusions - CORRECT ANSWER projections = anything that extends beyond adjacent surface protrusions = projection with potential to cause injury Large projection gauge checks for hazards associated with... - CORRECT ANSWER impalement, internal bruising/bleeding Medium projection gauge checks for hazards associated with... - CORRECT ANSWER eye socket penetration (can get to brain) Small projection gauge checks for hazards associated with... - CORRECT ANSWER lacerations and skull punctures at temple Describe how to measure compound projections - CORRECT ANSWER Use all three gauges (small to large) if any fail, it's a protrusion Describe protrusion definition on suspended objects (ex. swings) - CORRECT ANSWER if projection fits inside 1/8" gauge and extends beyond edge Projections are entanglement hazards if they meet all four of these criteria - CORRECT ANSWER 1. fits within a projection gauge 2. extends vertically beyond horizontal plane 3. has perpendicular sides 4. extends more than 1/8" from initial surface how to test for entanglement hazard with inverted bolts on swing structure top beam? - CORRECT ANSWER 1/8" gauge held next to projection. if >1/8" protrusion, it's an entanglement hazard how far can projections extend perpendicular in non-entanglement zone of slides? - CORRECT ANSWER 1/8" maximum projection If accessible, bolt ends can only show how many threads? - CORRECT ANSWER maximum 2 threads projections that increase in size are entanglements hazards if the increase extends (how far) from initial surface with a depth greater than (how deep) - CORRECT ANSWER 1/8" out, 1/8" deep what is the maximum gap for S hooks? - CORRECT ANSWER 0.04 inches (about the thickness of a dime) Openings between these sizes can cause strangulation due to head entrapment - CORRECT ANSWER 3.5" and 9" Entrapment hazards are more likely to be found in playgrounds constructed prior to (this year) - CORRECT ANSWER 1991 Test equipment for entrapment hazard testing - CORRECT ANSWER torso and head probe. Torso probe 5th percentile 2yo, head probe 95th percentile 12yo Entrapment test method for completely bounded rigid opening - CORRECT ANSWER if small torso probe fits through opening, but head template cannot pass, it's a head entrapment hazard Entrapment test method for completely bounded non-rigid opening - CORRECT ANSWER similar to rigid openings, but attach pull gauge with 50lb force Entrapment test method for partially bounded openings - CORRECT ANSWER Insert side A of fish probe vertically down into opening. If vertical sides touch before bottoming out, lay gauge flat and try to insert neck of B end in between bounds. If it can be inserted below where the sides of A touched, it's an entrapment hazard Crush/Sheer hazards are caused by openings created by (this) - CORRECT ANSWER movement test equipment for crush/sheer testing - CORRECT ANSWER neoprene rods with a specific hardness rating neoprene dowel size for crush/sheer testing of 1. roller slides, 2. merry-go-rounds, 3. all others - CORRECT ANSWER 1. 3/16", 2. 5/16", 3. 5/8" Common material types of suspended hazards - CORRECT ANSWER cables, wires, ropes suspended hazards must be how many degrees from horizontal, how high, how wide, and what color? - CORRECT ANSWER greater than 45 degrees from horizontal, greater than 84" high, minimum 1" wide, brightly colored What are the two exceptions to the "no free-swinging ropes or cables" rule - CORRECT ANSWER 1. if 7" or less 2. if attached to a swing ropes, cables, and chains that are loose enough to overlap can cause this type of hazard - CORRECT ANSWER strangulation/entrapment If rope is fastened on both sides, it cannot be loose enough to form a loop greater than this perimeter - CORRECT ANSWER 5" perimeter/1.6" diameter ropes, cables, or chains used to attach devices to ground-level play panels must not be above this maximum height or longer than this maximum length - CORRECT ANSWER 24" above surface, 27" long Handrails must be available at this step - CORRECT ANSWER first step handrails must be continuous on both sides if greater than how many treads? - CORRECT ANSWER one tread handrails need to be between these two heights off of the leading edge of a stair tread - CORRECT ANSWER 22"-38" rigid handrails need to be between these two diameters... flexible handrails need to be between these two diameters... - CORRECT ANSWER .95-1.55" .62"-1.55" platform definition - CORRECT ANSWER flat surface, intended for greater than one user, allows for free movement Designated Play Surface definition - CORRECT ANSWER any elevated surface for standing, walking, sitting, climbing, with dimension greater than 2"x2", and less than 30 degrees from horizontal This probe should not fit through guardrails or barriers - CORRECT ANSWER torso probe guard rail and barrier requirements for ages 2-5 and ages 5-12 - CORRECT ANSWER ages 2-5: guard rail 20"-30", barrier >30" ages 5-12: guard rail 30-48", barrier >48" maximum distance for breaks in barriers or guardrails AND two exceptions - CORRECT ANSWER <=15 inches, 1. when it's stairs, 2. when means of ascent/descent have a top horizontal guard rail An access component is required if platforms have a vertical height difference greater than (how many inches, ages 2-5 and ages 5-12) - CORRECT ANSWER 12 inches (2-5yo), 18 inches (5-12yo) at what height do stairway steps have to have a protective barrier? - CORRECT ANSWER greater than 48 inches Name the two additional requirements for ADA ramps and barriers - CORRECT ANSWER 1. must have continuous handrail on inside of barrier 2. barrier must come within 1" of platform OR have a 2" raised curb maximum gap size between decking and enclosure (and horizontal gap between edge and rail) on ADA platforms - CORRECT ANSWER 1/2 inch Roofs must be at or above this height above the underlying designated play surfacing - CORRECT ANSWER 84 inches For swings, roofs must have a clearance of what distance above the pivot point - CORRECT ANSWER 42 inches True/False: tree limbs cannot come within the X+42" clearance rule in the use area - CORRECT ANSWER True When are playground audits typically performed? - CORRECT ANSWER After installation, or after standards/guidelines/laws change Four steps to take after identifying non-compliance during an inspection - CORRECT ANSWER 1. fix if possible 2. discuss with owner 3. write report, including applicable code sections and ranked priorities 4. establish follow-up procedures When is caution tape, temporary fencing/barriers, and signed chain link fencing appropriate? - CORRECT ANSWER If hazard can't be removed. caution tape = short term, temporary fencing = better short term, signed chain link = long term A comprehensive risk management-based playground plan shall identify these four things - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Audits 2. Inspections & Maintenance Programs 3. Safety Policy (establishes standard of care, emphasizes agency's commitment, compels provision of resources, provides decision-making authority) 4. Safety Coordinator (identifies and assigns tasks, ensures inspections are completed and documentation maintained) Two folders to keep for documentation purposes - CORRECT ANSWER 1. general playground folder (policies, training, etc.) 2. site history folder (info specific to each playground) Formula for minimum vertical sidewall height on a slide - CORRECT ANSWER Height = 4 - (2Width/Radius) Guardrail top edge minimum height (2-5 and 5-12) - CORRECT ANSWER 29" (2-5yo), 38" (5-12yo) Guardrail bottom rail maximum height requirements (2-5 and 5-12) - CORRECT ANSWER 23" (2-5yo), 28" (5-12yo) [Show More]

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