1. prokaryotes in- clude how many domains of life? what are they?
2. 95% of the cell is made up of what elements?
3. what are prokary- otes exclusive- ly?
4. why are prokary- otes more adapt- able to chang- ing enviro
...
1. prokaryotes in- clude how many domains of life? what are they?
2. 95% of the cell is made up of what elements?
3. what are prokary- otes exclusive- ly?
4. why are prokary- otes more adapt- able to chang- ing environ- ments? what does this allow them to do?
5. 4 classes of monomers?
6. amino acids components? polymer and linkage?
7. monosaccha- ride
two, archaea and bacteria
O,C,H,N
single cell organisms
simplicity and *rapid cell division* allows them to evolve to colonize extreme environments
1. amino acids
2. monosaccharides
3. nucleotides
4. lipids
1. carboxylic acid group
2. side chain (R)
3. amino group
(amino and carboxylic acid groups are both charged at physiological pH)
polymer = polypeptide, linked by condensation reaction between carboxylic acid and amino groups (= peptide bond)
either a glucose/sugar *chain* of H-C-OH or a glu- cose/sugar *ring* with H-C-OH substituents
components? equation ratio? polymer and linkage?
8. nucleotide com- ponents? poly- mer and linkage?
9. lipid compo- nents? equation ratio?
polymer?
equation: *1:1 carbon to oxygen*
polymer: polysaccharide, linked by a condensation reac- tion that leaves an ether linkage (= glycosidic bond)
a nitrogenous base
polymer: nucleic acid, linked by a phosphodiester bond
1. polar head
2. long non-polar region equation: large C:O,N,P ratio
polymer: (false- not actually a polymer) aggregates
10. polypeptide? polymer of amino acids linked by a peptide bond
11. protein? functional unit of one or more polypeptides
12. residu
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