(F/W)Chapter 6-Body Composition-Guide Questions With Complete Solution
Describe body composition, including the concepts of essential fat, overweight, and obesity. - ANSWERThe human body can be divided into fat-free ma
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(F/W)Chapter 6-Body Composition-Guide Questions With Complete Solution
Describe body composition, including the concepts of essential fat, overweight, and obesity. - ANSWERThe human body can be divided into fat-free mass and body fat. Fat-free mass is composed of all the
body's nonfat tissues. A certain amount of body fat is necessary for the body to function. Fat is
incorporated into the nerves, brain, heart, lungs, liver, mammary glands, and other body organs and
tissues. It is the main source of stored energy in the body; it also cushions body organs and helps
regulate body temperature. This essential fat makes up about 3-5% of total body weight in men and
about 8-12% in women. The primary source of excess body fat is excess calories consumed in the diet. A
pound of fat is equal to 3500 calories, so an intake of just 100 calories a day in excess of calories
expended will result in a 10-pound weight gain over the course of a years.
When looking at body composition, the most important consideration is the proportion of the body's
total weight that is fat -- the percent body fat.
Overweight: body weight above the recommended range for good health; sometimes defined as a body
mass index between 25 and 29.9.
Obesity: severely overweight, characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat; may also be
defined in terms of some measure of total body weight or a body mass index of 30 or more.
State the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Americans, and list at least three factors that
have contributed to recent increases in the prevalence. - ANSWER-Americans are getting fatter. The
prevalence of obesity has increased from about 13% in 1960 to about 34% today, and about 67% of
adult Americans are now overweight. About 33% of adult men and 35% of adult women are obese.
More time spent in sedentary work and leisure activities.
Fewer trips on foot and more by automobile.
Fewer daily gym classes for students.
Describe the health effects of too much and too little body fat. - ANSWER-Essential fat is necessary for
the functioning of the body fat -- less than 8-12% for women and 3-5% for men -- as a threat to health.
Extreme leanness is linked with reproductive, respiratory, circulatory, and immune system disorders and
with premature death. Extremely lean people may experience muscle wasting and fatigue. They are also
more likely to have eating disorders.
Define type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, pre-diabetes, and gestational diabetes. List three risk factors
and three preventive strategies for type 2 diabetes. - ANSWER-Type 1 Diabetes: the pancreas produces
little to no insulin, so daily doses of insulin are required, and people with this may require other
medications to control their blood sugar levels and other complications with this disease. (Without
insulin, a person with this can lapse into a coma.) Usually strikes before age 30. (About 5-10% of people
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