NURS 6050 QUIZ TEST 1, 2, 3, 4 [STUDY GUIDE] QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

NURS 6050 QUIZ TEST 1, 2, 3, 4 [STUDY GUIDE] QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS QUIZ 1 What term is used to describe the selective bulbous enlargement of the distal segment of a digit that is commonly associated with di ...

NURS 6050 QUIZ TEST 1, 2, 3, 4 [STUDY GUIDE] QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS QUIZ 1 What term is used to describe the selective bulbous enlargement of the distal segment of a digit that is commonly associated with diseases that interfere with oxygenation of the blood? a. Edema c. Angling b. Clubbing d. Osteoarthropath ANS: B Clubbing is the selective bulbous enlargement of the end (distal segment) of a digit (finger or toe) (see Figure 35-1) and is commonly associated with diseases that interfere with oxygenation, such as bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, lung abscess, and congenital heart disease. None of the remaining options are terms used to identify the condition described Which term is used to identify a circumscribed area of suppuration and destruction of lung parenchyma? a. Consolidation c. Empyema b. Cavitation d. Abscess ANS: D An abscess is a circumscribed area of suppuration and destruction of lung parenchyma. The described pathologic abnormality is not associated with the other option Clinical manifestations of inspiratory and expiratory wheezing, dyspnea, nonproductive cough, and tachypnea are indicative of which condition? a. Chronic bronchitis c. Pneumonia b. Emphysema d. Asthma ANS: D At the beginning of an attack, the individual experiences chest constriction, expiratory wheezing, dyspnea, nonproductive coughing, prolonged expiration, tachycardia, and tachypnea. Severe attacks involve the use of accessory muscles of respiration, and wheezing is heard during both inspiration and expiration. The presentations of none of the other options are consistent with the described symptoms Clinical manifestations of decreased exercise tolerance, wheezing, shortness of breath, and productive cough are indicative of which respiratory disorder? a. Chronic bronchitis c. Pneumonia b. Emphysema d. Asthma ANS: A The symptoms that lead individuals with chronic bronchitis to seek medical care include decreased exercise tolerance, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Individuals usually have a productive cough ("smoker's cough"). The described symptoms are not associated with any of the other option Clinical manifestations that include unexplained weight loss, dyspnea on exertion, use of accessory muscles, and tachypnea with prolonged expiration are indicative of which respiratory disorder? a. Chronic bronchitis c. Pneumonia b. Emphysema d. Asthma ANS: B Individuals with emphysema usually have dyspnea on exertion that later progresses to significant dyspnea, even at rest (see Table 35-3). Little coughing and very little sputum are produced. The individual is often thin, has tachypnea with prolonged expiration, and must use accessory muscles for ventilation. The anteroposterior diameter of the chest is increased (barrel chest), and the chest has a hyperresonant sound with percussion. The described symptoms are not associated with any of the other options. In tuberculosis, the body walls off the bacilli in a tubercle by stimulating which action? a. Macrophages that release tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) b. Phagocytosis by neutrophils and eosinophils c. Formation of immunoglobulin G to initiate the complement cascade d. Apoptotic infected macrophages that activate cytotoxic T cell ANS: D In defense, macrophages and lymphocytes release interferon, which inhibits the replication of the microorganism and stimulates more macrophages to attack the bacterium. Apoptotic infected macrophages can also activate cytotoxic T cells (cluster of differentiation [CD] 8). Tuberculosis does not trigger the mechanisms described by the other options. Clinical manifestations of inspiratory crackles, increased tactile fremitus, egophony, and whispered pectoriloquy are indicative of which respiratory condition? a. Chronic bronchitis c. Pneumonia b. Emphysema d. Asthma ANS: C Physical examination may reveal signs of pulmonary consolidation, such as inspiratory crackles, increased tactile fremitus, egophony, and whispered pectoriloquy, which support a diagnosis of pneumonia. The presentations of the other options are not consistent with the described symptoms. Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung is best described as a tumor that causes which alterations? a. Abscesses and ectopic hormone production b. Airway obstruction and atelectasis c. Pleural effusion and shortness of breath d. Chest wall pain and early metastasis ANS: B Typically, the tumors are centrally located near the hila and project into bronchi. Because of this central location, nonproductive cough or hemoptysis is common. Pneumonia and atelectasis are often associated with squamous cell carcinoma. Chest pain is a late symptom associated with large tumors. These tumors can remain fairly well localized and tend not to metastasize until late in the course of the disease. Squamous cell carcinomas are not associated with any of the other options. What medical term is used to identify the accumulation of air in the pleural space? a. Flail chest c. Pleural effusion b. Pneumothorax d. Exudate effusion ANS: B Pneumothorax is the presence of air or gas in the pleural space caused by a rupture in the visceral pleura (which surrounds the lungs) or the parietal pleura and chest wall. The condition is not identified by any of the other options. What medical term is used to identify the presence of pus in the pleural space? a. Plural effusion c. Empyema b. Asthma d. Pneumonia ANS: C Empyema is the presence of pus in the pleural space. This condition is not identified by any of the other options What medical term is used for a condition that results from pulmonary hypertension, creating chronic pressure overload in the right ventricle? a. Hypoxemia c. Bronchiectasis